Bio vocab, all chap 5
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Passive Transport | The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell
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| Diffusion | The movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density
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| Concentration Gradient | A difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance
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| Equilibrium | A state that exists when the concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space
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| Osmosis | The diffusion of water or another solvent from a more dilute solution (of a solute) to a more concentrated solution (of the solute) through a membrane that is permeable to the solvent
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| Hypotonic | Describes a solution whose solute concentration is lower than the solute concentration inside a cell
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| Hypertonic | Describes a solution whose solute concentration is higher than the solute concentration inside a cell
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| Isotonic | A solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell
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| Contractile Vacuole | In protozoans, an organelle that accumulates water and then releases it periodically to maintain osmotic pressure
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| Turgor Pressure | The pressure that is exerted on the inside of cell walls and that is caused by the movement of water into the cell
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| Plasmolysis | The contraction or shrinking of the cell membrane of a plant cell in a hypertonic solution in response to the loss of water by osmosis
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| Cytolysis | the bursting of a cell
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| Facilitated Diffusion | The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins
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| Carrier Protein | A protein that transports substances across a cell membrane
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| Ion Channel | A pore in a cell membrane through which ions can pass
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| Active Transport | The movement of chemical substances, usually across the cell membrane, against a concentration gradient; requires cells to use energy
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| Sodium-Potassium Pump | A carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell
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| Endocytosis | The process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell
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| Vesicle | A small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell; forms when part of the cell membrane surrounds the materials to be taken into the cell or transported within the cell
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| Pinocytosis | A method of active transport across the cell membrane in which the cell takes in extracellular fluids
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| Phagocytosis | The process by which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells, either as a defense mechanism or as a means to obtain food
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| Phagocyte | A cell that ingests and destroys (digests) foreign matter or microorganisms
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| Exocytosis | The process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out
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