Methods of Heat transfer, Ectotherms and Endotherms
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| Where do metabolic reactions happen? (Biggest source of heat) | In the liver
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| Define conduction | How heat transfers from one object to another
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| Define convection | Heat transfers between an organism and an air current
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| Define Radiation | Heat is released as a wave from a hot oject
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| Define Evaporation | Heat is lost when water changes from liquid to a gas (sweat)
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| What is an ectotherm? | an animal whose body temperature changes depending on the temperature of the environment
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| What is an endotherm? | an animal who can maintain a stable body temperature internally
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| Which groups of vertebrate animals are ectotherms? | Cold-blooded: Fish, Amphibians (frog, newt), Reptiles
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| which groups of vertebrae animals are endotherms? | Mammals and birds
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| An advantage of being and endotherm? | Live in a variety of environments
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| A disadvantage of being an endotherm? | More energy required to live (need food).
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| Are dogs endotherms or ectotherms? And why? | Endotherms because even though they don't sweat, they shiver and have fur to keep them warm
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| What glands keep endotherms cool? | Sweat glands
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| Why are ectotherms more limited in their choice of environment? | They are dependent on the environmental temperature.
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| What centre in the brain communicates messages? | Thermoregulatory centre
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| What 2 sensors or detectors pick up a change in outward temperature in a human | Hypothalamus (as blood passes through the brain) and the skin.
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| What is the effector of feeling too hot? | Sweating
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| What is it called when the body returns to optimum conditions? | Response
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| What is it called when the smooth muscle in the arterioles constrict when the body is too cold? | Vasoconstriction
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| What is it called when the smooth muscle in the arterioles relax when the body is too hot? | Vasodilation
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| What do the erector pili muscles do when the body is too cold and what happens? | Contract - the hairs on the arm stand up
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| What do the glands secrete when the body is too cold and why? | Adrenaline and thyroxine which increase the metabolic rate.
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| What do the skeletal muscles produce when the body is too cold? | Shivering
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| What is considered to be the normal body temperature? | 37C
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| What do the glands stop releasing when the body is too hot? | Adrenaline and thyroxine
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| How is the skin adapted to regulate temperature? (Name 5 things) | 1.It has hair 2.Thick layer of fat 3.Sweat glands 4. Capillary network 5.Thermoreceptors
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| What happens to the blood during vasocontriction? | Blood flows deep down so that little heat is lost
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| What happens to the blood during vasodilation? | Arterioles dilate so that blood flows closer to the skin causing heat loss through skin.
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