7th Grade Midterm Review Cells and Heredity Terms 2014-2015
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| cell wall | The stiff outer layer of PLANT cells that protects and supports the cell.
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| cell membrane | This structure surrounds and protects the cell and controls what enters it and leaves it.
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| nucleus | This organelle directs all of the cell’s activities; It is the control center of the cell.
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| mitochondria | Rod-shaped structures called the “powerhouse” of the cell because they produce most of the cell’s energy.
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| chloroplast | GREEN structures in plant cells that capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food.
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| chlorophyll | Green PIGMENT located inside chloroplasts that captures energy from sunlight during photosynthesis
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| vacuole | Storage for food and water. Plants wilt when there is not enough water stored here.
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| lysosome | Small structures that break down food and recycle old cell parts.
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| Cell | The basic unit of structure and function in living things.
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| Cell Theory | 1. All living things are made of cells. 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. 3. All cells come from other cells.
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| Selectively Permeable | A property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot.
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| Diffusion | The process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
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| Osmosis | The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane.
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| Passive Transport | the movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy. Materials move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.
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| Active Transport | The movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy. Molecules are moving from areas of low concentration to high concentration. Against the concentration gradient.
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| Photosynthesis | The process by which plants and some other organisms capture the energy in sunlight and use it to make food.
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| respiration | The process by which cells break down simple food molecules to release the energy they contain.
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| Trait | physical characteristics controlled by a gene
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| purebred/homozygous | Having two identical alleles for a trait. TT or tt
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| genes | factors that control traits
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| dominant trait | when it is present, the form of the trait that it controls is always present.
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| recessive trait | This trait is only shown when there are two copies of the allele
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| hybrid/heterozygous | Having two different alleles for a trait. Tt
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| Punnett Square | A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross
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| Phenotype | An organism's physical appearance or visible trait
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| Genotype | An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combination, "genetic code"
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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