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7th Mid Rvw CH 14-15
7th Grade Midterm Review Cells and Heredity Terms 2014-2015
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell wall | The stiff outer layer of PLANT cells that protects and supports the cell. |
| cell membrane | This structure surrounds and protects the cell and controls what enters it and leaves it. |
| nucleus | This organelle directs all of the cell’s activities; It is the control center of the cell. |
| mitochondria | Rod-shaped structures called the “powerhouse” of the cell because they produce most of the cell’s energy. |
| chloroplast | GREEN structures in plant cells that capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food. |
| chlorophyll | Green PIGMENT located inside chloroplasts that captures energy from sunlight during photosynthesis |
| vacuole | Storage for food and water. Plants wilt when there is not enough water stored here. |
| lysosome | Small structures that break down food and recycle old cell parts. |
| Cell | The basic unit of structure and function in living things. |
| Cell Theory | 1. All living things are made of cells. 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. 3. All cells come from other cells. |
| Selectively Permeable | A property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot. |
| Diffusion | The process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| Osmosis | The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane. |
| Passive Transport | the movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy. Materials move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. |
| Active Transport | The movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy. Molecules are moving from areas of low concentration to high concentration. Against the concentration gradient. |
| Photosynthesis | The process by which plants and some other organisms capture the energy in sunlight and use it to make food. |
| respiration | The process by which cells break down simple food molecules to release the energy they contain. |
| Trait | physical characteristics controlled by a gene |
| purebred/homozygous | Having two identical alleles for a trait. TT or tt |
| genes | factors that control traits |
| dominant trait | when it is present, the form of the trait that it controls is always present. |
| recessive trait | This trait is only shown when there are two copies of the allele |
| hybrid/heterozygous | Having two different alleles for a trait. Tt |
| Punnett Square | A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross |
| Phenotype | An organism's physical appearance or visible trait |
| Genotype | An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combination, "genetic code" |
Created by:
bphelan
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