Biology vocab
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| Cell Cycle | The regular pattern of growth, DNA duplication, and cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells
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| Mitosis | The division of the cell nucleus and its contents
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| Cytokinesis | is the process that divides the cell cytoplasm
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| Chromosome | One continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes along with regulatory information
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| Histones | A group of proteins
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| Chromatin | The loose combination of DNA and proteins
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| Chromatid | One half of a duplicated chromosome
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| Centromere | A region of the condensed chromosome that looks pinched
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| Telomeres | Made of repeating nucleotides that do not form genes
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| Prophase | Chromatin condenses into tighly coiled chromosomes
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| Metaphasae | The spindle fibers attach to a protein structure on the centromere of each chromosome
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| Somatic Cell | Body cells
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| Gamete | Sex cells
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| Homologous chromosomes | Two chromosomes
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| autosomes | Chromosomes that contain genes
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| sex chromosomes | That directly control the development of sexual characteristics
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| Sexual Reproduction | Involves the fusion of two gametes that results in offspring that are a genetic mixture of both pairs
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| Fertilization | The actual fusion of an egg and a sperm
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| Diploid | A cell has two copies of a chromosome
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| Haploid | A cell has one copy of a chromosome
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| Meiosis | A form of nuclear division that divides a diploid cell into haploid cells
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| Gametogenesis | The production of gametes
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| Sperm | The male gamete
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| Egg | The female gamete
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| Polar Bodies | Cells with little more than DNA that are eventually broken down
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| Bacteriophage | Takes over a bacterium`s genetic machinery and directs it to make more viruses
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| Nucleotide | Small units that make up DNA
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| Double Helix | Model in which two strands of DNA wind around each other like a twisted ladder
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| Base pair rules | T always pairs with A and C always pairs with G
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| Replication | The process by which DNA is copied during the cell cycle
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| DNA polymerases | Bond the new nucleotides together
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