Biology
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Cell Cycle | The regular pattern of growth, DNA duplication, and cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells.
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| Mitosis | The division of the cell nucleus and its contents.
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| Cytokinesis | The process that divides the cell cytoplasm.
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| Chromosome | One long continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes along with regulatory information.
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| Histones | A group of proteins associated with each chromosome.
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| Chromatin | The loose combination of DNA and proteins.
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| Chromatid | One half of a duplicated chromosome.
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| Centromere | A region of the condensed chromosome that looks pinched. Sister chromatids are held together at the centromere.
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| Telomeres | The ends of DNA molecules form structures called telomeres, which are made of repeating nucleotides that do not form genes.
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| Prophase | Chromatin condenses into tightly coiled chromosomes.
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| Metaphase | The spindle fibers attach to a protein structure on the centromere of each chromosome and align the chromosomes along the cell equator, around the middle of the cell.
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| Anaphase | Sister chromatids separate from each other.
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| Telophase | A complete set of identical chromosomes is positioned at each pole of the cell.
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| Somatic cells | Make up most of your body tissues and organs.
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| Gametes | Sex cells: ova, or eggs, in the female, and spermatozoa, or sperm cells, in the male.
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| Homologous Chromosomes | Two chromosomes that have the same length and general appearance.
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| Autosomes | Chromosomes that contain genes for characteristics not directly related to the sex of an organism. pairs 1 through 22
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| Sex chromosomes | Directly control the development of sexual characteristics.
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| Sexual Reproduction | Involves the fusion of two gametes that results in offspring that are a genetic mixture of both parents.
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| Fertilization | The actual fusion of an egg and a sperm cell.
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| Diploid | A cell has two copies of each chromosome.
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| Haploid | A cell has only one copy of each chromosome.
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| Meiosis | A form of nuclear division that divides a diploid cell into haploid cells.
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| Gametogenesis | The production of gametes.
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| Sperm | The male gamete. Smaller than egg.
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| Egg | The female gamete.
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| Polar Bodies | Cells with little more than DNA that are eventually broken down.
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| Bacteriophage | Takes over a bacterium's genetic machinery and directs it to make more viruses.
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| Nucleotides | Monomers that make up DNA.
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| Double Helix | Two strands of DNA wind around each other like a twisted ladder.
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| Base pairing rules | T always pairs with A and C always pairs with G.
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| Replication | DNA is copied during the cell cycle.
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| DNA polymerase | A group of enzymes that bond the new nucleotides together.
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