Unit 06-Meiosis,Basic Genetics
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| What is the term for when chromosomes exchange genetic material? | crossing over
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| Term for any other cell but a reproductive cell (like a skin cell)? | somatic cell
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| In Mendel’s experiment, what was the F2 generation phenotype ratio? | 3 purple:1 white
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| What law shows that two different characteristics separate out randomly when making gametes | law of independent assortment
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| What are the 3 ways to get genetic variation through meiosis? | -crossing over
-independent assortment
-random fertilization
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| What form of asexual reproduction do prokaryotic organisms do? | binary fission
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| In humans the first 22 pairs are called what? | autosomes
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| In what stage does independent assortment occur? | metaphase I
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| Cross a homozygous dominant with a homozygous recessive. What are the genotypes? | 4 Gg
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| Term for study of heredity? | genetics
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| What are the 3 reasons DNA is important? | protein production, directs cell activity, determines traits
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| Term for a photo of chromosomes in a dividing cell, arranged by size, that can determine chromosomal abnormalities? | karyotype
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| What is the term for meiosis in males? | spermatogenesis
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| In Mendel’s experiment, what was the P generation using flower color? | truebreeds of purple and white
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| Term for when you have two identical alleles for a gene? give an example in letter form. | homozygous – TT or tt
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| Cross a heterozygous with a heterozygous. What are the genotypes? (use G/g) | GG:2Gg:gg
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| A reproductive cell is haploid or diploid? | haploid
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| What are chromosomes/chromatin composed of? | DNA and protein
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| What type of cell, and how many cells, do we get after telephase I? | 2 cells, haploid
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| What are the two most important purposes of the process of meiosis? | -to half the number of chromosomes
-to create genetic variation
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| Term for a trait that hides another trait? give an example in letter form. | dominant - T
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| Term for passing of traits from parents to offspring? | heredity
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| What are the 3 forms of asexual reproduction? | -binary fission
-fragmentation
-budding
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| What is the term for when the two chromosomes (a pair) are close together? | tetrad
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| Term for segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein? | gene
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| Term for a set of alleles? | genotype
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| In Mendel’s experiment, what was the F1 generation phenotype? | all purple
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| In what stage in meiosis do sister chromatids line up along the equator? | metaphase II
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| If a human has an XX for their sex chromosomes, are they male or female? | female
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| A somatic cell is haploid or diploid? | diploid
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| What is the term for meiosis in females? | oogenesis
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| What is main disadvantage of asexual reproduction? | no genetic variation
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| Term for when you have two different alleles for a gene? give an example in letter form. | heterozygous
Tt
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| Term for different versions of a gene (like purple and white flower color) | allele
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| How many pairs of homologous chromosomes do humans have? | 23 pairs (46 chromosomes)
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| In what stage does the tetrads line up in the middle? | metaphase I
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| What type of cell, and how many cells, do we get after telephase II? | 4 cells, haploid
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| If a human has an XY for their sex chromosomes, are they male or female? | male
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| Name 3 reasons why Mendel used pea plants for genetic study? | -traits are observable
-can self fertilize
-small, grows quickly
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| Term for the physical appearance? | phenotype
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| What is a general term for a reproductive cell? | gamete
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| In what stage does crossing over occur? | prophase I
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| In what stage do the tetrads move apart to opposite poles? | anaphase I
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| In humans the 23rd pair is called what? | sex chromosomes
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| Term for a trait that is hidden? give an example in letter form. | recessive – t
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| In a dihybrid cross: B=black/b=brown, T=trotter/t=pacer If parent 1 is hetero black and a pacer: If parent 2 is brown and a hetero trotter: Give the 2 parent genotypes: | parent 1:Bbtt
parent 2:bbTt
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| Same cross: In a dihybrid cross: B=black/b=brown, T=trotter/t=pacer If parent 1 is hetero black and a pacer: If parent 2 is brown and a hetero trotter: Determine the parent genotypes. Then determine the gametes for both? Then determine the phenotypes? | parent 1:Bbtt
parent 2:bbTt
gamete: Bt, Bt, bt, bt
gamete: bT, bt, bT, bt
phenotypes: 4 for each type
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| What is the term for when chromatids don't separate correctly? | nondisjunction
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| What is the general term for when there are 3 copies of a chromosome? | trisomy
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