BIOLOGY
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| somatic cell | body cells that make up most of your body tissues and organs
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| gametes | sex cells, ova, or eggs, in the female, and spermatozoa, or sperm cells, in the male
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| homologous chromosomes | two chromosomes, one inherited from the mother and one from the father, that have the same length and general appearance
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| atuosomes | chromosomes that contain genes for characteristics not directly related to the sex of an organism
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| sex chromosomes | chromosomes that directly control the development of sexual characteristics
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| sexual reproduction | involves the fusion of two gametes, resulting in offspring that are a genetic mixture of both parents
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| fertilization | actual fusion of an egg and a sperm cell
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| haploid | a cell has only one copy of each chromosome
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| meiosis | a form of nuclear division that divides a diploid cell into haploid cells
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| gametogenesis | the production of gametes
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| sperm | the male game that is much smaller than the egg
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| egg | the female game that is much bigger than the sperm
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| polar bodies | cells with little more than DNA that are eventually broken down
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| traits | distinguishing characteristics that are inherited
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| genetics | the study of biological inheritance patterns and variation in organisms
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| purebred | gentically uniform, or a line of plants that have self-pollinated for long enough
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| cross | the mating of two organisms
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| law of segregation | two of Mendel's three conclusions or Mendel's first law
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| gene | a piece of DNA that provides a set of instructions to a cell to make a certain protein
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| allele | any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a specific locus
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| homozygous | descrbies two of the same alleles at a specific locus
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| heterozygous | describes two different alleles at a specific locus
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| genome | all of an organism's genetic material
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| genotype | typically refers to the genetic makeup of a specific set of genes
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| phenotype | the physical characteristics, or traits, of an individual organism
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| dominant allele | the allele that is expressed when two different alleles ro two dominant alleles are present
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| recessive allele | the allele that is expressed only when two copies are present
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| punnett square | a grid system for predicting all possible genotypes resulting from a cross
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| monohybrid corsses | crosses that examine the inheritance of only one specific trait
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| testcross | a cross between an organism with an unknown genotype and an organism with the recessive phenotype
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| dihybrid crosses | crosses that examine the inheritance of two different traits
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| law of independent assortment | Mendel's second law of genetics that states that allele pairs separate independently of each other during gamete formation, or meisosis
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| probability | the likelihood that a particular event will happen
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| crossing over | the exchange of chromosome segments between homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis1
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| genetic linkage | genes located close together ted to be inherited together
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Created by:
Scientific Eagles
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