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Ch 6 Vocab
BIOLOGY
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| somatic cell | body cells that make up most of your body tissues and organs |
| gametes | sex cells, ova, or eggs, in the female, and spermatozoa, or sperm cells, in the male |
| homologous chromosomes | two chromosomes, one inherited from the mother and one from the father, that have the same length and general appearance |
| atuosomes | chromosomes that contain genes for characteristics not directly related to the sex of an organism |
| sex chromosomes | chromosomes that directly control the development of sexual characteristics |
| sexual reproduction | involves the fusion of two gametes, resulting in offspring that are a genetic mixture of both parents |
| fertilization | actual fusion of an egg and a sperm cell |
| haploid | a cell has only one copy of each chromosome |
| meiosis | a form of nuclear division that divides a diploid cell into haploid cells |
| gametogenesis | the production of gametes |
| sperm | the male game that is much smaller than the egg |
| egg | the female game that is much bigger than the sperm |
| polar bodies | cells with little more than DNA that are eventually broken down |
| traits | distinguishing characteristics that are inherited |
| genetics | the study of biological inheritance patterns and variation in organisms |
| purebred | gentically uniform, or a line of plants that have self-pollinated for long enough |
| cross | the mating of two organisms |
| law of segregation | two of Mendel's three conclusions or Mendel's first law |
| gene | a piece of DNA that provides a set of instructions to a cell to make a certain protein |
| allele | any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a specific locus |
| homozygous | descrbies two of the same alleles at a specific locus |
| heterozygous | describes two different alleles at a specific locus |
| genome | all of an organism's genetic material |
| genotype | typically refers to the genetic makeup of a specific set of genes |
| phenotype | the physical characteristics, or traits, of an individual organism |
| dominant allele | the allele that is expressed when two different alleles ro two dominant alleles are present |
| recessive allele | the allele that is expressed only when two copies are present |
| punnett square | a grid system for predicting all possible genotypes resulting from a cross |
| monohybrid corsses | crosses that examine the inheritance of only one specific trait |
| testcross | a cross between an organism with an unknown genotype and an organism with the recessive phenotype |
| dihybrid crosses | crosses that examine the inheritance of two different traits |
| law of independent assortment | Mendel's second law of genetics that states that allele pairs separate independently of each other during gamete formation, or meisosis |
| probability | the likelihood that a particular event will happen |
| crossing over | the exchange of chromosome segments between homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis1 |
| genetic linkage | genes located close together ted to be inherited together |
Created by:
Scientific Eagles
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