Epidemiology, Illness Incidence and Risk Factors
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| What is epidemiology? (1) | It is the study of the distribution of states of health and of hte determinants of deviations from health in human populations.
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| Epidemiology (2) | Study of occurence, distribution, and the cause of health and disease. It takes place within a given population and includes identification of risk factors.
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| What is the focus of epidemiology? | The health of group to which the individual belongs (Population).
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| What are the purposes of epidemiology? | Identify deviations from health. Gather data to prevent or control diseases. Maximize clinical interventions. Evaluate interventions.
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| Epidemiologists are itnerested in what? | Health states of the population. Disease and death. Health related behaviors. Population.
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| What are some of the concerns? | Population of the group (not interested in individual). Comparisons between groups. Not individuals. Asks 2 questions: (why does this group have this, but this group doesn't? How come?)
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| What is prevalence rate? | The number of people with a disease at any time. Looks at the total number of cases in that group.
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| What is incidence rate? | Deals with new cases over a specific time. Consider total at risk. e.g., New cases/unit of time over total at risk.
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| What is mortality rate? | Number of deaths from a certain cause over total population.
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| What is age-specific morality rate? | Number of people dying within a defined age over total number of people in that age group.
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| What are risk factors? | Any variable, situation, or habit that increases the vulnerability of hte group. (illness or unhealthy state)
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| What are some kinds of risk factors? | Genetic and physiological. Age. Environment. Lifestyle.
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| What are some physiological examples of risk factors? | Obesity, diabetes, hypertension.
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| What are some genetic examples of risk factors? | Hemoglobins (increase risk for infection).
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| What are some environmental risk factors? | Toxins, infectious organisms, radiation, stressful events, divorce.
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| What are some lifestyle risk factors? | Smoking. Drinking alcohol.
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| What are some epidemiological-based intervention strategies? | Educate. Regulate. Services. Identify risk factors. Teach. Look at levels of prevention.
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Created by:
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