Study for Biology exam!
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Hypothesis | Educated prediction about the outcome of a scientific experiment; an 'If...,then..."
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| Carbon Cycle | The process by which carbon in the atmosphere goes into living things and is eventually returned to the atmosphere. It can be disrupted by clear-cutting forests, burning fossil fuels, etc.
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| Fossil Fuels | Things like oil, coal, and natural gas. Such fuels are created by a dead creature being buried and undergoing one of three transformations into a fuel.
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| Nitrogen Cycle | Process by which nitrogen gas in the atmosphere goes into living things and is eventually returned to the atmosphere. It can be disrupted by overuse of fertilizer.
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| Ecological Succession | One community following another (ex. new trees growing after a forest fire)
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| First species to arrive in an area | Lichens attaching to the bare rock and slowly breaking it apart for plant roots
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| Climax Community | End result of succession
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| Herbivore | Trophic level 1, only eats producers
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| Carnivore | Trophic levels 2-3, eats herbivores & other carnivores
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| Omnivore | Eats both plants and animals
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| Decomposer | Eats dead things
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| Mutualism | A symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit.
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| Parasitism | A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed.
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| Commensalism | A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected.
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| Competition | Two or more organisms competing for resources
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| Predation | One organism killing and eating the other.
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| Energy's movement | Nonstop flow
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| Matter's movement | Cycling
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| Food web | Several food chains linked together showing more in-depth views of the roles of each organism
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| Food chain | A basic diagram of organisms and their roles in the environment (A eats B eats C eats D)
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| Energy pyramid | A diagram displaying the amount of energy available to each trophic level. Each level has 10% less energy available to it than the level below it
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| pH scale | 0-6: Acid 7: Neutral 8-14: Base
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| Organic molecules | molecules related to the creation or processes of organisms
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| Monomer | A single repeating part of a bigger molecule
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| Carbohydrate | An organic molecule consisting of several monosaccharides, used to store short-term energy
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| Protein | An organic molecule consisting of several amino acids, used to provide structure
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| Nucleic Acids | An organic molecule composed of several nucleotides, used to store genetic information
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| Genetic Information | Information on how to make proteins
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| Lipids | An organic molecule composed of 3 fatty acids and a glycerol, used to store long-term energy
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| Four Functions of Water | Cohesion(Water sticks to itself), Adhesion(Water sticks to other stuff), Density( Ice less dense than water), Solvent (Water dissolves stuff)
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| Flagella | Long tail-like structure on a cell used for movement
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| Cilia | Short hair-like structures on a cell used for movement
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| Pseudopodia | Limb-like structures on a cell used for movement
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| Chloroplast | Organelle in a plant cell that allows for photosynthesis
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| Mitochondrion | Organelle in an animal cell that allows for respiration
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| Ribosome | Organelle used in protein synthesis
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| Nucleus | Organelle used to store DNA
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| Exocytosis | Process by which a cell emits a large molecule
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| Prokaryote | A cell with no nucleus, free-floating DNA
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| Eukaryote | A cell with a nucleus to hold its DNA
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| Asexual reproduction | Reproduction with a single parent
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| Binary Fission | Method of asexual reproduction which creates two identical cells
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| Budding | Method of asexual reproduction which creates smaller cells from the parent
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| Chromosome | Bundle of DNA, two twisted strands connected by a centromere
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| Lysosome | An animal organelle used to assist with digestion
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| Central Vacuole | A plant organelle used to hold water
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| Cell Walls | Plant cell structure, stiff barrier made of cellulose
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| Hypertonic | A solution with more solute relative to another
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| Hypotonic | A solution with less solute relative to another
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| Photosynthesis | Process by which plant cells create food from carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight
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| Chemosynthesis | Process by which certain unicellular organisms derive energy from inorganic compounds
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| Aerobic Respiration | Process by which a cell breaks down glucose using oxygen
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| Anaerobic respiration | Process by which a cell breaks down glucose without oxygen, generates byproducts
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| Enzyme | A class of protein used in causing or affecting the speed of certain chemical reactions in the body
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| Things That Affect Enzymes | Heat, pH
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| Nucleotide | A monomer of a nucleic acid, made of a phosphate, sugar, and a base
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| Protein Synthesis | The two-step process of creating proteins
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| Transcription | First step in protein synthesis; one gene is made into mRNA
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| Translation | Second step in protein synthesis, tRNA attaches to mRNA with certain amino acids to create a protein
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| Hydrogen Bonds | Weak chemical bond, used to hold DNA together
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| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid used to store genetic information in an organism
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| mRNA | A variety of RNA, used to send genetic info from the nucleus to the ribosome
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| tRNA | A variety of RNA, attaches to amino acids and is used in making proteins
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| rRNA | A variety of RNA, allows the ribosome to synthesize proteins
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| RNA | Ribonucleic acid, has 3 varieties all used in protein synthesis
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| Replication | The process of copying DNA, semiconservative
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| Nucleic Bases (DNA) | Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
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| Nucleic Bases (RNA) | Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine
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| Codon | A 3-base length of mRNA coding for one amino acid
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| Mutation | A change in DNA
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