Types of cellular and organism reproduction; human pregnancy and developmemnt
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| asexual reproduction | a method of reproduction in which all the genes passed on to the offspring come from a single individual or parent
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| clone | a plant or animal that is grown from one or more cells of its parent and that has exactly the same genes as its parent.
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| cloning | a technique used to make identical organisms
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| crossing over | an exchange of genetic material between sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes
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| DNA replication | the process of producing two identical replicas from one original DNA molecule.
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| diploid | a cell or organism that has paired (doubled) chromosomes
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| differentiation | the process that transforms developing cells into specialized cells with different structures and functions
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| egg | a sex cell produced by a female
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| embryo | an organism in the early stages of development
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| estrogen | a hormone (produced by the ovaries) that controls female sexual development and the reproductive process
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| fertilization | the process that combines a sperm cell and an egg cell
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| fetus | the unborn
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| gametes | an egg or sperm cell; a sex cell
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| genetic variation | diversity in gene frequencies; can refer to differences between individuals or to differences between populations. Mutation is the ultimate source of genetic variation
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| gene expression | the result of activated genes
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| haploid | when a cell has only one (single) set of chromosomes
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| meiosis | the process that results in the production of sex cells (sperm and egg)
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| mitosis | the process that divides the cell’s nucleus into two
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| menstrual cycle | the cycle of natural changes that occurs in the female sex organs and hormone quantities as an essential part of making sexual reproduction possible in humans
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| ovulation | when a mature egg is released from the ovary
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| ovary | the organ of the human female reproductive system that produces an egg cell
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| placenta | the organ that enables nutrients and oxygen to pass from the mother’s blood to the fetus
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| progesterone | a hormone associated with sexual development and the reproductive system
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| recombination | the additional mixing of genetic material from a sperm and egg which results in a unique combination of genes
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| sex cell | an egg (female) or a sperm (male)
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| sexual reproduction | a method of reproduction that involves two parents producing offspring that are genetically different from either parent
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| species | A group of organisms that share certain characteristics and can mate with one another
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| sperm | the male sex cell
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| testes | the male reproductive organ
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| testosterone | a hormone associated with male sexual development and reproduction
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| uterus | the organ
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| zygote | the cell that results from the joining of the egg and sperm
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