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Unit 5-Reproduction
Types of cellular and organism reproduction; human pregnancy and developmemnt
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| asexual reproduction | a method of reproduction in which all the genes passed on to the offspring come from a single individual or parent |
| clone | a plant or animal that is grown from one or more cells of its parent and that has exactly the same genes as its parent. |
| cloning | a technique used to make identical organisms |
| crossing over | an exchange of genetic material between sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes |
| DNA replication | the process of producing two identical replicas from one original DNA molecule. |
| diploid | a cell or organism that has paired (doubled) chromosomes |
| differentiation | the process that transforms developing cells into specialized cells with different structures and functions |
| egg | a sex cell produced by a female |
| embryo | an organism in the early stages of development |
| estrogen | a hormone (produced by the ovaries) that controls female sexual development and the reproductive process |
| fertilization | the process that combines a sperm cell and an egg cell |
| fetus | the unborn |
| gametes | an egg or sperm cell; a sex cell |
| genetic variation | diversity in gene frequencies; can refer to differences between individuals or to differences between populations. Mutation is the ultimate source of genetic variation |
| gene expression | the result of activated genes |
| haploid | when a cell has only one (single) set of chromosomes |
| meiosis | the process that results in the production of sex cells (sperm and egg) |
| mitosis | the process that divides the cell’s nucleus into two |
| menstrual cycle | the cycle of natural changes that occurs in the female sex organs and hormone quantities as an essential part of making sexual reproduction possible in humans |
| ovulation | when a mature egg is released from the ovary |
| ovary | the organ of the human female reproductive system that produces an egg cell |
| placenta | the organ that enables nutrients and oxygen to pass from the mother’s blood to the fetus |
| progesterone | a hormone associated with sexual development and the reproductive system |
| recombination | the additional mixing of genetic material from a sperm and egg which results in a unique combination of genes |
| sex cell | an egg (female) or a sperm (male) |
| sexual reproduction | a method of reproduction that involves two parents producing offspring that are genetically different from either parent |
| species | A group of organisms that share certain characteristics and can mate with one another |
| sperm | the male sex cell |
| testes | the male reproductive organ |
| testosterone | a hormone associated with male sexual development and reproduction |
| uterus | the organ |
| zygote | the cell that results from the joining of the egg and sperm |
Created by:
mrcadettescience
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