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hormone/target/effect/source PLUS feedback loops

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Hormone
Target
Effect
Source
calcitonin   bone; kidney   take calcium out of the blood and store it in bone; decrease Ca2+ reabsorption   thyroid  
🗑
aldosterone (mineralcorticoid)   kidney (distal tubule and collecting duct)   reabsorb Na+ and water into bloodstream   adrenal cortex  
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cortisol (glucocorticoid)   liver, muscle; immune system   breakdown of carbohydrates, fat and protein to increase blood glucose levels in times of long term stress; suppress immune system   adrenal cortex  
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Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)   anterior pituitary   stimulate FSH and LH secretion   hypothalamus  
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Thyroid Releasing Hormone (TRH)   anterior pituitary   stimulate thyroxine secretion   hypothalamus  
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glucagon   liver   convert glycogen to glucose (increase blood glucose levels)   alpha cells - islets of Langerhans (pancreas)  
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insulin   all body cells; liver   increase cells permeability to glucose; convert glucose to glycogen   beta cells - islets of Langerhans (pancreas  
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gonadocorticoids   many tissues in male and female   secondary sex characteristics   adrenal cortex  
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thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)   thyroid   stimulate thyroxin secretion   anterior pituitary  
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oxytocin   smooth muscle of uterus and breasts   increase contraction of smooth muscle   produced in hypothalamus; stored in posterior pituitary  
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antidiuretic hormone (ADH)   kidney (collecting duct)   increase reabsorption of water into bloodstream   produced in hypothalamus; stored in posterior pituitary  
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follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) - female   growing follicle in ovary   stimulate oogenesis and estrogen production   anterior pituitary  
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lutenizing hormone (LH) - female   maturing follicle and corpus luteum in ovary   stimulate oocyte maturation, ovulation, and then progesterone secretion of corpus luteum   anterior pituitary  
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prolactin   mammary glands   stimulate milk production   anterior pituitary  
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human growth hormone (hGH)   long bones   increased cell division (growth)   anterior pituitary  
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adenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)   adrenal cortex   secretion of cortisol and aldosterone   anterior pituitary  
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estrogen   uterus; hair follicles, breasts, fat deposits, hips broader than shoulders   rebuild endometrium after menstrual flow phase; develop secondary sex characteristics at puberty   growing follicle in ovary  
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progesterone   uterus   thicken/maintain endometrium after ovulation   corpus luteum in ovary  
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testosterone   hair follicles, oil glands, larynx, muscle, shoulders broader than hips; Sertoli cells in seminiferous tubules   develop secondary sex characteristics at puberty; spermatogenesis   interstitial cells of testes  
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prostaglandins Chapter 14   smooth muscle of uterus   increase strength and frequency of uterine contractions   uterus  
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inhibin Chapter 14   hypothalamus; anterior pituitary   inhibit FSH secretion to slow spermatogenesis   Sertoli cells in seminiferous tubules  
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human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) Chapter 15   corpus luteum of pregnancy   maintain corpus luteum for first trimester   chorion layer of embryo and then placenta  
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epinephrine; norepinephrine   pupils; salivary glands; heart; bronchioles; digestive system; liver   reinforce sympathetic nervous system "fight or flight" response to stress   adrenal medulla  
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follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) - male   Sertoli cells in seminiferous tubules   stimulate spermatogenesis   anterior pituitary  
🗑
lutenizing hormone (LH) - male   interstitial cells   stimulate testosterone production   anterior pituitary  
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parathyroid hormone (PTH)   bone; kidney; small intestine   release calcium into bloodstream   parathyroids  
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