Ch. 5 Genetics
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Heredity | the passing of traits/physical characteristics from parent to offspring
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| Trait | a characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes
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| Genetics | the scientific study of heredity
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| Gregor Mendel | the father of genetics
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| Purebred | the offspring of many generations that have the same traits. They have the same alleles (ex: aa,tt,TT,AA)
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| Homozygous | having the same alleles for a trait (ex: aa,AA,tt,TT)
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| Gene | the set of information that controls a trait/a segement of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
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| Alleles | the different forms of a gene
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| Dominant allele | one whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present. Dominant alleles are represented by capital letters.
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| Recessive allele | is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present. Recessice alleles are written with lower case letters
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| Hybrid | an organism that has two different alleles for a trait (ex:Tt,Bb,Rr)
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| Write heterozygous tall using letters | Tt
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| Put the following in "Mendel Speak" MM | MM = homozygous dominant
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| List the possible alleles for eye color | blue, brown, green
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| Genotype | the actual genes a person has for a trait(found inside).You cannot see a person's genotype. They are written with letters
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| Phenotype | the outward appearance of an organism (visible traits). Phenotypes are written with words
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| Cross a heterozygous brown rat with a white. What is the probability of having white offspring? | 1/2 or 50%
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| Write heterozygous brown X blue in letters | Bb x bb
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| Probability | the likihood that a particular event will occur
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| Put the following in "Mendel Speak" tt | tt= homozygous recessive
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| Write the following in "Mendel Speak" Tt | Tt= heterozygous
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| Punnett square | a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross
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| Codominace | the alleles are neither dominant nor recesive. As a result, both alleles are expressed in the offspring
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| Which of the following is homozygous dominant? Aa,BB,bb,Tr | BB
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| Which of the following is heterozygous? BB,bb,Bb, Tr | Bb
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| Which of the following is homozygous recessive?BB,bb,Bb,Tr | bb
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