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Biochemistry & Cells

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Term
Definition
amino acid   a carbon compound joined by peptide bonds; building blocks of proteins  
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biochemistry   chemistry that deals with chemical compounds and processes occurring in organisms  
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biomolecule   any molecule that is produced by a living organism, including large macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic acids  
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carbohydrate   an organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom  
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cell   the basic unit of structure and organization of all living organisms  
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cell membrane   the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell  
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chloroplast   double-membrane organelle that captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy through photosynthesis  
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cytoplasm   semifluid materials inside the cell’s plasma membrane  
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eukaryotic   an organism whose cells have membrane-bound nuclei and organelles  
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fatty acids   a carboxylic acid consisting of a hydrocarbon chain and a terminal carboxyl group  
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lipid   hydrophobic biological molecule composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen; fats, oils, and waxes  
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organelles   a structure surrounded by a thin plasma membrane that performs a function in a cell.  
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