Final Exam Review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What is the purpose of science? | investigate and understand the natural world
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| define hypothesis | suggest how or why something happens
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| controlled experiment | set up in duplicate; tests only one variable
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| define homeostasis | maintain internal balance
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| list the levels of organization of living things from small to large | cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
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| define polar | when electrons are concentrated on one side of a molecule, creating a slightly more negative charge
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| define solution | solute particles are dissolved in solvent which is the bulk of the solution
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| What is the best solvent? | water
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| What is an acid? | substance with excess hydrogen atoms
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| What is the pH of an acid | less than 7 on the pH scale
(a base is more than 7 and neutral equals 7)
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| What are the 4 organic compounds in animals? | protein, lipid, carbohydrate, nucleic acid (DNA, RNA)
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| What are the monomers or subunits of a protein? | amino acids
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| What are the monomers or subunits of a carbohydrate? | monosaccharides and polysaccharides
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| What are the monomers or subunits of a nucleic acid? | nucleotides
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| What are the monomers or subunits of a lipid? | fatty acid and glycerol
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| define a chemical reaction | bonds are broken, atoms are rearranged, new bonds form
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| hydrogen + oxygen --> water What are the products? What are the reactants? | product=water
reactants=hydrogen and oxygen
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| define optimum | best
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| At what three conditions do enzymes work best? | certain pH, temperature, ion conditions
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| Why are enzymes only needed in small amounts? | Because the are not used up in a chemical reaction, therefore they can be reused.
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| What type of an organic compound are enzymes? | proteins
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| What is it about the shape of an enzyme molecule that allows it to do its job? | enzymes have a specific shape-lock and key model
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| What is a catalyst? | a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction
(enzymes are catalysts)
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| define denaturation | at high temperature, enzymes unravel and can no longer do their job
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| Where are ribosomes found? | freefloating in the cytoplasm or on endoplasmic reticulum making it rough ER
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| describe the protein structure | proteins are compsed of 20 different amino acids arranged in an infinite number sequences to make thousands of different proteins
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| describe the structure of the cell membrane | semipermeable, 2 layers of lipids with proteins and carbohydrate tails; fluid mosaic; found in both plant and animal cells
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| what the function of the cell membrane | regulates what enters/leaves the cell; acts as a barrier
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| describe the structure of the cell wall | an added layer on the outside of the cell membrane; found in plants only
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| what is the function of the cell wall | protection and support
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| Where are proteins modified, processed and packaged? | Golgi
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| What is the function of cholorphyll? | in plants only-captures sunlight energy and changes it to glucose chemical energy
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| Where is chlorophyll found? | in the chloroplasts of green plants
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| What chemical in a cell is responsible for storing and releasing energy? | ATP
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| define cell respiration | oxygen plus glucose form carbon dioxide and ATP as energy is released from food
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| Where in the cell does cell respiration occur? | mitochondria
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| cells that need a lot of energy will have a lot of these organelles | mitochondria
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| define diffusion | the movement of substances/gases across a cell membrane
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| viruses and prokaryotes(bacteria) are similar because they both have | DNA and RNA
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Created by:
Ferris
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