December exam review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Psychology | show 🗑
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| show | descriptive and experimental
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| Descriptive methods | show 🗑
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| show | Interviews & rating scales (past psychological state), Tests (present), and longitudinal case study (future)
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| Tests | show 🗑
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| show | artificiality, interference, inappropriateness, and errors in interpretation
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| show | systematic intervention= location, variables, characteristics:control and replication, and drawbacks
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| show | age, motivation, intellectual, education, sex
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| show | hearing, seeing, smelling (olfactory), taste (gustatory), skin, balance, kinaesthetic
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| Defining the term operationally | show 🗑
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| show | experimenters may, inadvertently communicate their hypothesis to the subject
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| show | gave an example of how women who were and weren't given liquor and how the non-liquor drinkers got very drunk and the opposite didn't
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| placebo effect | show 🗑
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| show | group with the least done to it
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| show | the "thing"
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| show | doesn't have the "thing"
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| show | repeating a study in identical fashion
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| variables | show 🗑
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| show | changes are independent of what the subject does
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| show | changes are dependent on changes in the independent variable (reaction of the participants, what is being studied)
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| perceptual organization | show 🗑
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| show | the ability to unlearn and organize incoming sensations into patterns
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| principles of figure-ground | show 🗑
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| show | can occur from conflicting information
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| show | 25%
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| Stage 2 sleep | show 🗑
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| stage 3 sleep | show 🗑
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| stage 4 sleep | show 🗑
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| show | "paradoxical sleep" b/c you seem to be awake physiologically, when behaviourally you seem more asleep physiologically, hard to awaken people in this stage, a new section of REM sleep every 90 mins, happens after non-rem sleep, loss of muscle tone
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| show | the part of the brain responsible for the loss of muscle tone while sleeping
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| Why we dream | show 🗑
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| show | dreams of absent minded transgression (ex. alcoholic who quit cold turkey may experience a dream about having a drink)
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| show | represent desires free from the interference of the reality of the waking state
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| show | deprived of the opportunity to sleep so when they get the chance they do/catch up if given as much time as they want (up to 40% more time in REM sleep)
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| nightmare | show 🗑
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| show | there is breathing difficulty, and is a stage 4 awakening
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| Methods of threshold determination | show 🗑
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| show | method of constant stimuli, method of limits, and method of average error
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| psychophysics | show 🗑
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| show | the smallest quantity of physical energy that can be reliably detected by an observer (not a constant value that changes from person-to-person and situation-to-situation)
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| show | the smallest difference in stimulation that can be reliably detected by an observer when two stimuli are compared (JND-just noticeable difference)
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| Weber's law | show 🗑
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| signal detection | show 🗑
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| perceptual constancy | show 🗑
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| show | is a relatively permanent change in behaviour or change in behaviour potential
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| association | show 🗑
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| show | BEOFRE:includes a unconditioned stimulus which causes an unconditioned response DURING:the unconditioned stimulus is paired with a conditioning response which causes the unconditioned response AFTER:the conditioned stimulus causes a conditioned response
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| show | phobias
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| stimulus generalization | show 🗑
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| show | present with the original stimulus and are nothing like the stimulus but an association is created (ex. Skinner: drinking wine to open envelopes -> then drinking wine and seeing husband)
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| show | the weakening and eventual disappearance of a learned response; in classical conditioning, it occurs when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus (if experience is very traumatic extinction may never occur)
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| show | the reappearance of a learned response after its apparent extinction
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| show | a series of small incremental steps where a positive stimulation is paired lightly with the feared and over time the feared becomes positive or associated with positive
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| show | a response that is followed by satisfaction to the organism will be likely to recur; responses followed by neutral or unsatisfying consequences will be less likely to recur than classically cond. responses
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| operant responses are.. | show 🗑
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| show | If you do something and you like the result you'll do it again. If you do something and you don't like the result you probably won't do it again
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| punishment is intended to... | show 🗑
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| positive reinforcement | show 🗑
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| positive AND negative punishment both lead to.. | show 🗑
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| show | a reinforcement procedure in which a response is followed by the REMOVAL, DELAY, or DECREASE in intensity of an unpleasant stimulus; as a result, the response becomes stronger or more likely to occur
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| show | a manipulandom- something the animal can tap or push to receive the reinforcement, which also had an electric grid floor to shock for misbehaving
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| schedules of reinforcement can be.. | show 🗑
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| show | ratio & interval
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| 2 kinds of ratios are.. | show 🗑
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| 2 kinds of intervals are.. | show 🗑
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| fixed ratio | show 🗑
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| variable ratio | show 🗑
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| show | the process by which a stimulus or event strengthens or increases the probability of the response that it follows & must occur in a timely fashion or association may not be made
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| show | antrograde & retrograde
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| show | can only remember AFTER a certain point in time (usually due to a physical condition ex. head injury or old age)
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| two types of retrograde forgetting.. | show 🗑
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| show | motivated or selected forgetting (Freud believed in this, an it is controversial)
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| memory trace decay | show 🗑
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| distortion | show 🗑
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| show | positive & negative
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| show | forgetting previously learned material because of recently learned material - remembering of A is interfered with by more retaining of B (learn A, learn B, try to remember A)
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| show | forgetting recently learned material because of previously learned material - remembering of B is interfered with by older memory of A (learn A, learn B, try to remember B)
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| show | the tendency to respond differently to two or more similar stimuli; in classical conditioning, it occurs when a stimulus similar to the CS fails to evoke the CR
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| show | an decreased probability of responding
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| amnesia | show 🗑
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Created by:
ahusse24
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