MIP 300 Unit 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 domains | bacteria, archaea, eukarya
🗑
|
||||
| 5 kingdoms | monera, protista, fungi, plantae, animalia
🗑
|
||||
| magnification= | objective x eyepiece
🗑
|
||||
| best light microscope resolving power | 0.2 um
🗑
|
||||
| 4 types of light microscopes | bright-field, dark-field, phase-contrast, fluorescence
🗑
|
||||
| phase contrast microscopy | converts slight differences in refractive indexes into easily detected variations in light intensity
🗑
|
||||
| basic dyes bind to | negatively charged structures
🗑
|
||||
| acidic dyes bind to | positively charged structures
🗑
|
||||
| acid fast + | pink
🗑
|
||||
| acid fast - | blue
🗑
|
||||
| phospholipid found in bacteria | phosphotidylethanolamine
🗑
|
||||
| what makes up archaea membrane? | much stronger phospholipid
🗑
|
||||
| mycoplasmas | lack a cell membrane
🗑
|
||||
| mycobacterium | mycolic acid layer
🗑
|
||||
| protein that transports larger substances thru outer membrane (gram negative) | permeases
🗑
|
||||
| protein that transports smaller substances thru outer membrane (gram negative) | porins
🗑
|
||||
| 2 carbohydrates that make up cell wall/what kind of linkage | NAG & NAM; beta glycosidic bond
🗑
|
||||
| difference b/w gram - and gram + cell wall (carbohydrates) | gram + has tetrapeptide
🗑
|
||||
| what can block penicillin? | outer membranes
🗑
|
||||
| when does penicillin work? | when the cell is dividing
🗑
|
||||
| lysozyme | enzyme found in salvia, tears, sweat that destroys structural integrity of peptidoglycan molecule
🗑
|
||||
| penicillin | fits into enzyme that makes cell walls (inhibits it)
🗑
|
||||
| penicillin structure | beta lactam ring
🗑
|
||||
| bacteria that lack a cell wall | mycoplasma
🗑
|
||||
| how are mycoplasma membranes strengthened? | sterols in PM
🗑
|
||||
| mycoplasma are not affected by | lysozyme and penicillin
🗑
|
||||
| archaea often have | an s-layer
🗑
|
||||
| what can be altered to change gram negative cell wall thickness? | # of sheets of NAG and NAM only
🗑
|
||||
| what can be altered to change gram + cell wall thickness? (3) | number of NAG and NAM sheets, type of inter bridge, number of AAs in inter bridge
🗑
|
||||
| bacteria microtubules | tubulin homolog
🗑
|
||||
| bacteria microfilaments | actin homolog
🗑
|
||||
| 3 functions of cytoskeleton | cell division, protein localization, shape
🗑
|
||||
| inclusion bodies have a ____ | sometimes enclosed by a SINGLE layer membrane (protein, phospholipids); many used for storage
🗑
|
||||
| organic inclusion bodies (4) | gas vacuole, carboxysome, cyanophycin, glycogen
🗑
|
||||
| glycogen granules | (inclusion body) have PHB (can be used as biodegradable plastic)
🗑
|
||||
| carboxysomes | (inclusion body) store CO2 and fix carbon
🗑
|
||||
| cyanophycin | (inclusion body) long chains if AAs (arg and asp) for nitrogen storage
🗑
|
||||
| gas vacuoles | (inclusion body) help bacteria that live in H2O move around
🗑
|
||||
| inorganic inclusion bodies (2) | metachromatic granules, magnetasomes
🗑
|
||||
| megachromatic granules | (inclusion body) store phosphate for ATP production
🗑
|
||||
| magnetasomes | (inclusion body) contain Fe to align w/ poles
🗑
|
||||
| prokaryotic ribosomes | 70S (30S and 50S)
🗑
|
||||
| eukaryotic ribosomes | 80S (40S and 60S)
🗑
|
||||
| similar protein to histones found in prokaryotes | condensin
🗑
|
||||
| some archaea have what eukaryotic protein? | histones
🗑
|
||||
| 4 types of things that plasmids can transfer | antibiotic resistance, genes for metabolic processes, anti-bacterial genes, toxins
🗑
|
||||
| endospores are heat resistant b/c of | calcium-dipicolinic acid
🗑
|
||||
| germination (definition) | turning back into a cell from an endospore
🗑
|
||||
| 3 steps of germination | activation, germination, outgrowth
🗑
|
||||
| 4 functions of components external to cell wall (4) | horizontal gene transfer, movement, attachment, protection
🗑
|
||||
| capsule | layer of polysaccharides that resists endocytosis (complement doesn't bind as well)
🗑
|
||||
| slime layer | less organized and easier to removed than capsule
🗑
|
||||
| glycocalyx | "sugar shell" that encompasses both the capsule and slime layer
🗑
|
||||
| biofilms | collection of bacteria in some kind of sugar mesh (plaque)-> inside is much more antibiotic resistant
🗑
|
||||
| s-layer | protein that gives cell shape, protects it, and aids in virulence
🗑
|
||||
| diagnosis of TB | PPD + chest x-ray (check for granulomas)
🗑
|
||||
| __ of the world's population is infected w/ TB | 1/3 (90% latent)
🗑
|
||||
| can pili and fimbriae be visualized under a light microscope? | no
🗑
|
||||
| type IV fimbriae | twitch for motility
🗑
|
||||
| 3 parts of flagella | filament, hook, and basal body
🗑
|
||||
| axial filament | found only in spirochetes; internal flagella that flexes, bends, and spins
🗑
|
||||
| chemoreceptors are located where? | in PM or periplasmic space of gram -
🗑
|
||||
| binary fission steps (5) | gets bigger, chromosome replicated, contents divided, septum, division
🗑
|
||||
| 4 phases of growth | lag (getting ready to divide), exponential/log (dividing), stationary (#dying=#dividing), death (dying exponentially)
🗑
|
||||
| psychrophiles | 0-20C
🗑
|
||||
| facultative psychrophiles | 20-30C (Listeria monocytogenes)
🗑
|
||||
| mesophiles | 15-45C (most human pathogens)
🗑
|
||||
| thermophiles | 45-100C
🗑
|
||||
| stenothermal | grow over a small range of temperatures
🗑
|
||||
| eurythermal | grow over a wide range of temperatures
🗑
|
||||
| hypotonic | pure water
🗑
|
||||
| isotonic | water activity= 0.98 (human body)
🗑
|
||||
| hypertonic | low water activity (salt lakes ~0.75)
🗑
|
||||
| osmotolerance | microbes that can grow in low water activity (hypertonic)
🗑
|
||||
| halophiles | microbes that REQUIRE a low water activity
🗑
|
||||
| optimum pH 1-5.5 | acidophiles
🗑
|
||||
| optimum pH 5.5-8 | neutrophiles
🗑
|
||||
| optimum pH 8.5-11.5 | alkalophiles
🗑
|
||||
| barotolerant | bacteria that CAN grow >1 atm
🗑
|
||||
| barophliic | bacteria that prefer to grow >1 atm
🗑
|
||||
| bacteria that can live with or without O2 | aerotolerant anaerobes
🗑
|
||||
| what protects microbes from radiation? | pigmentation
🗑
|
||||
| sterilization | no living microbes
🗑
|
||||
| disinfectant | killing/inhibiting microbes from INANIMATE objects
🗑
|
||||
| sanitization | reducing microbial #s to levels safe for public (not all gone)
🗑
|
||||
| antiseptics | killing/inhibiting microbes from LIVING tissue
🗑
|
||||
| optimal concentration of alcohol sanitizers | 60-70% (if more evaporates too fast)
🗑
|
||||
| 2 common mistakes while taking antibiotics | failure to follow directions and failure to finish
🗑
|
||||
| 5 modes of killing | ribosomes, cell wall, membranes, nucleic acids, metabolic pathways
🗑
|
||||
| 5 ways bacteria evade antibiotics | prevent entrance, efflux pumps, drug inactivation, target modification, alternate pathway
🗑
|
||||
| what step in sporulation is most likely inhibited by inhibiting NAG and NAM? | formation of the cortex
🗑
|
||||
| you isolated cell w/ 70s ribosomes, dsDNA, and PPL bilayer.. could be what? | bacteria, archaea, or eukarya
🗑
|
||||
| a mutation in the axial filament gene would render which type of bacteria immobile? | spirochetes
🗑
|
||||
| what can produce exoezymes? | both gram positive and gram negative bacteria
🗑
|
||||
| 2 organelles that arose to the endosymbiont theory | chloroplasts and mitochrondria
🗑
|
||||
| 4 reasons why chloroplasts/mitochondria came from bacteria | 70s ribosomes, circular DNA, size/shape like a bacterium, double membrane
🗑
|
||||
| therapeutic index | amount that is toxic/amount that is therapeutic
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
melaniebeale
Popular Biology sets