Forensics
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space
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| non-matter | sound, light, and heat
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| property | characteristic of a substance that can be observed
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| weight | force of gravity acting on an object
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| density | amount of mass per unit volume
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| intensive property | do not depend on amount of substance being tested/observed
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| 1.0 g/mL | water's density
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| refraction | bending of a light wave as it passes from one medium to another
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| chemical properties | a property that can only be observed by changing the identity of the substance
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| flammability, ability to rust, reactivity with vinegar | examples of chemical properties
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| optical properties | color and refractive index
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| non-optical properties | surface wear, striations from manufacturing, thickness, surface film or dirt, hardness, density
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| resistant to all but fluorine and very strong bases | chemical properties of glass
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| glass | fusion of sand, soda, and lime that produces a transparent solid when cooled
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| physical property | can be observed without changing a substance's identity
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| element | substance that only has one type of matter in it
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| element is a building block of matter | how are matter and element related?
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| atom | smallest particle of an element that can exist and still retain its identity
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| compound | two or more elements joined chemically
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| solid, liquid, gas | three states of matter
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| amount of space between particles (freezing, melting, and boiling points) | what chemical property of a substance determines its state?
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| physical because the chemical compositions stay the same | are changes of state physical or chemical changes?
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| wavelength | length from crest to crest or trough to trough
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| different colors come from different wavelengths of light | how is color related to the behavior of light?
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| wavelength or frequency | what property distinguished different types of electromagnetic radiation from one another?
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| temperature | measure of heat intensity
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| weigh it | how is the mass of an object determined?
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| hardness, color, density | examples of intensive property
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| borosilicate glass | 5% borax is added to resist breaking when heated or cooled
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| colored glass | metal oxides or colloidal iron and sulfur are added to change its color
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| lead glass | lead increases refractive index and density
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| flat glass | made by a "float glass process"; molten glass is floated on a pool of tin while cooling (commonly found in doors and windows)
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| laminated glass | two sheets of glass with plastic between them (used in windshields)
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| tempered safety glass | designed to break into tiny pieces (used in car side window)
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| away | glass acts initially as an elastic surface and bends in which direction when force is applied
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| radial cracks | form first and are propagated in short segments on the side opposite the force
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| concentric cracks | come from continued pressure on the same side as the force applied
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| refractive index | ratio of velocity of light in a vacuum to velocity of light in a given substance
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| sand | main ingredient in ordinary glass
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| soda lime glass | what kind of glass is used most commonly in bottles and windows?
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| match it with a bigger piece of the glass like a jigsaw puzzle | what is the only way to individualize glass fragments found at a crime scene to a single source?
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| density and refractive index | what physical properties are used most often to characterize glass particles?
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| flotation | method for measuring density
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| immersion method | how can a forensic scientist determine the refractive indices of suspect glass fragments?
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| Liter | basic unit
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| radial cracks then concentric cracks | when an object strikes a piece of glass, how does it fracture?
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| becke lines | edges of lines
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| soil | any disintegrated surface material, natural and/or artificial, that lies on or near the earth's surface
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| color and texture | visual comparison of identification technique
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| mineral | naturally occurring crystalline solid
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| rock | combination of minerals
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| igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary | types of rock
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| density-gradient tube | way to analyze soil
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| density-gradient tube | a glass tube filled from bottom to top with liquids of successively lighter densities
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