Anti-Parkinson's Medications: levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet)
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| What is the prototype drug for this class? | levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet)
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| What are symptoms of Parkinson's Disease? (5) | 1.) shaking
2.) tremors
3.) difficulty speaking
4.) shuffled gait
5.) decreased levels of dopamine
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| How does this medication work? (3) | 1.) Promotes dopamine synthesis
2.) Activate dopamine receptors
3.) Prevent dopamine breakdown
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| What does this medication provide? Give examples (3) | Symptomatic relief from dyskinesias
1.) bradykinesia
2.) resting tremors
3.) muscle rigidity
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| What does this medication help increase? | The ability to perform ADLs
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| What is a disadvantage of this medication? | It tends to "wear off" after 5 years of treatment
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| Being that this drug a combination drug, how does each medication work? (2) | 1.) levodopa crosses the blood-brain barrier & is converted to dopamine
2.) carbidopa is used to augment levodopa by DECREASING the amount of levodopa that is CONVERTED to dopamine in the intestines & periphery (allows more to reach CNS)
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| What is the biggest adverse effect of this medication? (3) | Nausea/vomiting/drowsiness
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| How do you prevent N/V/drowsiness? | Administer WITH food
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| What kind of food should the patient avoid eating and why? | Avoid taking with foods HIGH IN PROTEIN or PYRIDOXINE
This inhibits & reduces the effects of the drug
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| What vital signs should the nurse monitor while their patient is taking this medication? Why? (2) | 1.) Blood pressure because this medication can cause orthostatic hypotension
2.) ECG because this medication can cause tachycardia & palpitations
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| Why do the cardiovascular effects take place? | The sympathetic NS has been activated
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