Chapter 7
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| Consciousness | Awareness of self and the environment
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| Biological Rhythms | Physiological periodic fluctuations
(controlled by internal "biological clocks)
ex. Annual cycles-migration
28 day cycle-female menstrual
24 hour cycle-varying and falling alertness,body temp, and growth hormones
90min cycle-various stages of sleep
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| Circadian Rhythm | the biological clock; regular bodily rhythm that occur on a 24 hour cycle
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| REM Sleep | (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep; A recurring stage where vivid dreams commonly occur. (AKA Paradoxical Sleep)-muscles are relaxed but other body systems are active
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| Alpha Waves | Relatively slow waves of a relaxed, awake state
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| Sleep | periodic,natural, reversible loss of consciousness, differ from Unconsciousness (Coma or hibernation)
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| Hullucinations | false sensory experiences, seeing something that does not exist
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| Delta Waves | Large, slow brain waves that associates with deep sleep
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| Insomnia | Problems with falling asleep or staying asleep
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| Narcolepsy | A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrolled sleep attacks,may cause one to lapse directly into Rem sleep at inopportune times
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| Sleep Apnea | a sleep disorder characterized by a temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and consequent momentary reawakenings
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| night terrors | a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during stage 4 sleep, within 2 or 3 hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered.
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| dream | a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts, passing through a sleeping person's mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer's delusional acceptance and later difficulties remembering
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| manifest content | according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent content)
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| Latent Content | according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content.)
Freud believed that a dream's latent content functions as a safety valve.
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| Rem Rebound | the tendency for Rem Sleep to increase following Rem Sleep Deprivation(created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep)
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| Hypnosis | A social interaction in which one person(the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors, will spontaneously occur.
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| Posthypnotic Amnesia | supposed inability to recall what one experienced during hypnosis; induced by the hypnotist's suggestion.
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| Posthypnotic suggestion | a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors,
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| dissociation | a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others
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| hidden observer | Hilgard's term describing a hypnotized subject's awareness of experiences, such as pain, that go unreported during hypnosis.
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| psychoactive drug | a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood
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| tolerance | the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take a larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect.
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| withdrawal | the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug
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| physical dependence | a physiological need for drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.
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| psychological dependence | a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions
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| depressants | drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions
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| stimulants | drugs (such as caffeine,nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines and cocaine) that excites neural activity and speed up body functions
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| hallucinogens | psychedelic ("mind-manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.
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| barbiturates | drugs that depress the activity of central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement
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| opiate | opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety
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| amphetamines | drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded- up body functions and associated energy and mood changes,
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| ecstasy (MDMA) | a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short term health risks and longer term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition.
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| LSD | a powerful hallucinogenic drug; AKA acid(lysergic acid diethylamide.)
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| THC | the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations
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| near-death experience | an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations
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| dualism | the presumption that mind and body are 2 distinct entities that interact
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| monism | the presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the same thing.
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