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Chapter 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Consciousness | Awareness of self and the environment |
| Biological Rhythms | Physiological periodic fluctuations (controlled by internal "biological clocks) ex. Annual cycles-migration 28 day cycle-female menstrual 24 hour cycle-varying and falling alertness,body temp, and growth hormones 90min cycle-various stages of sleep |
| Circadian Rhythm | the biological clock; regular bodily rhythm that occur on a 24 hour cycle |
| REM Sleep | (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep; A recurring stage where vivid dreams commonly occur. (AKA Paradoxical Sleep)-muscles are relaxed but other body systems are active |
| Alpha Waves | Relatively slow waves of a relaxed, awake state |
| Sleep | periodic,natural, reversible loss of consciousness, differ from Unconsciousness (Coma or hibernation) |
| Hullucinations | false sensory experiences, seeing something that does not exist |
| Delta Waves | Large, slow brain waves that associates with deep sleep |
| Insomnia | Problems with falling asleep or staying asleep |
| Narcolepsy | A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrolled sleep attacks,may cause one to lapse directly into Rem sleep at inopportune times |
| Sleep Apnea | a sleep disorder characterized by a temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and consequent momentary reawakenings |
| night terrors | a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during stage 4 sleep, within 2 or 3 hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered. |
| dream | a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts, passing through a sleeping person's mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer's delusional acceptance and later difficulties remembering |
| manifest content | according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent content) |
| Latent Content | according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content.) Freud believed that a dream's latent content functions as a safety valve. |
| Rem Rebound | the tendency for Rem Sleep to increase following Rem Sleep Deprivation(created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep) |
| Hypnosis | A social interaction in which one person(the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors, will spontaneously occur. |
| Posthypnotic Amnesia | supposed inability to recall what one experienced during hypnosis; induced by the hypnotist's suggestion. |
| Posthypnotic suggestion | a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors, |
| dissociation | a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others |
| hidden observer | Hilgard's term describing a hypnotized subject's awareness of experiences, such as pain, that go unreported during hypnosis. |
| psychoactive drug | a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood |
| tolerance | the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take a larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect. |
| withdrawal | the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug |
| physical dependence | a physiological need for drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued. |
| psychological dependence | a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions |
| depressants | drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions |
| stimulants | drugs (such as caffeine,nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines and cocaine) that excites neural activity and speed up body functions |
| hallucinogens | psychedelic ("mind-manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input. |
| barbiturates | drugs that depress the activity of central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement |
| opiate | opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety |
| amphetamines | drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded- up body functions and associated energy and mood changes, |
| ecstasy (MDMA) | a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short term health risks and longer term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition. |
| LSD | a powerful hallucinogenic drug; AKA acid(lysergic acid diethylamide.) |
| THC | the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations |
| near-death experience | an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations |
| dualism | the presumption that mind and body are 2 distinct entities that interact |
| monism | the presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the same thing. |
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Bowenpsycho
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