Pharmaceutics 18-20
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Dispersion types (Liquid) | In solid: cheese Solid Emulsion | In liquid: Milk Emulsion | In: gas: Fog, cloud
Liquid aerosol
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| Dispersion types (Gas) | In solid: Marshmallow Solid foam | In liquid:Whipped Cream Foam | N/A
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| Colloidal dispersions | Micelles, Liposome, microemulsion, nano/microparticle, nano crystal, biopharmaceuticals |
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| Coarse dispersions | Suspensions,emulsions, foam, some aerosol |
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| Suspension | insoluble particles dispersed in liquid medium | Antibiotics, Antacids, radiopague, topical |
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| Advantages of suspensions | better chemical stability than solution, increased delivery rate than solid, allows liquid dosing of unpalitability |
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| Disadvantages of suspensions | don't really uniformly disperse, agglomerate(aggregate to cluster), particles settle, cake up | Dosage accuracy problems, homogeneity problems, stability problems, compliance problems |
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| Increased surface area | Increased interfacial energy, not thermo stable |
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| Homogeneity | dose consistency and evenness |
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| Viscosity | pour readily, spread easily on skin or easily go through a syringe |
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| Settlement | Should settle slowly and easily reversable |
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| Particle size | Should remain constant |
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| Electric Properties of Interfaces | Particles dispersed in liquids may become charged |
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| Electric Double Layers | 1st: tightly bound layer 2nd: Diffuse |
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| Tightly bound layer | dense layer of counter ions strongly attached to the surface (rigid layer) |
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| Diffuse layer | A diffuse layer of counter ions trying to approach the particle (shear plane) |
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| Nernst potential | Electric potential at a solid's surface | Drops rapidly across tightly bound layer More gradually across the diffuse layer |
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| Electro-kinetic(zeta) potential | Potential located at the shear plane can be +, 0, or - | Magnitude of zeta potential has implication for the stability of dispersed system | related to ionic environment of the liquid phase
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| Dispersed System(dispersion) | Continuous media:external phase, vehicle, media Dispersed phase: internal phase, matter dispersed |
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| Dispersion types(Solid) | In solid: pearls solid solution | In liquid: Jelly gel | In gas: Smoke
Solid aerosol
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