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The Renal Vasculature

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Question
Answer
The kidneys are located _____________ in the dorsal abdominal cavity   retroperitoneally  
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Where do the renal artery, vein, and ureter enter and leave?   renal hilum  
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The renal arteries can be identified _____ below the transpyloric plane   2cm  
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The majority of renovascular disease is caused by what?   atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis  
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What are other complications of renal arteries?   aortic dissection extending into renal arteries, aneurysms, coarctationn, AV fistulae, arteritis, compression  
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What is best patient position when evaluating renal arteries?   supine with head slightly elevated  
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What type of transducer is used to evaluate renal arteries?   phased or curved array 2-5 MHz  
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What is normal waveform of renal artery?   rapid systolic upstroke, a slightly blunted peak, and forward diastolic flow  
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What are ranges for PSV of renal artery?   90 to 120 cm/s  
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A renal artery stenosis of less than hemodynamic significance is identified by an elevated PSV of _______ and RAR of _______ and most notably, the absence of poststenotic signal   > 180 cm/s, <3.5  
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