A&P:I:Appendicular
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| The Pectoral Girdle (shoulder girdle) | Connects the arms to the body
Positions the shoulders
Provides a base for arm movement
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| What does the pectoral consist of and where does it connect with axial skeleton? | Consists of:
2 clavicles
2 scapulae
Connects with the axial skeleton only at the manubrium
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| The Clavicles (collarbones) | Long, S-shaped bones
Originate at the manubrium (sternal end)
Articulate with the scapulae (acromial end)
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| The Scapulae (shoulder blades) | Anterior surface-subscapular fossa
Broad, flat triangles
Articulate with arm and collarbone
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| WHat does the scapulae known for? | To hold the glenoid cavity which articulates with humerus to form shoulder joint
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| Humerus-arm | The long, upper armbone
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| Head of humerus | rounded, articulating surface
contained within joint capsule
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| Neck of humerus | Anatomical neck- margin of joint capsule
Surgical neck: the narrow metaphysis
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| Shaft of humerus | Deltoid tuberosity:
-a bulge in the shaft
-attaches deltoid muscle
Radial groove:
-for radial nerve
-posterior to deltoid tuberosity
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| Distal Epiphysis of humerus | Medial and lateral epicondyles:
-for muscle attachment
Condyle of the humerus:
=Trochlea:
coronoid fossa & olecranon fossa
articulates with ulna
=Capitulum:
radial fossa
articulates with radius
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| Ulna | Articulations
=With humerus
==Forearm extended: olecranon (elbow point) enters olecranon fossa
==Forearm flexed: coronoid process enters coronoid fossa
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| The Forearm-antebrachium | Consists of 2 long bones: ulna & radius
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| Radius | Articulations
Ulnar notch:
distal end
articulates w/ wrist & radius
Styloid process:
stabilizes wrist joint
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| Wrist | 8 carpal bones:
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| Hands | =5 Metacarpal Bones
long bones of the hand
Numbered I–V from lateral (thumb) to medial
Articulate with proximal phalanges
=Phalanges
Pollex (thumb):
2 phalanges (proximal, distal)
Fingers:
3 phalanges (proximal, middle, distal)
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| Hipbones - Os Coxae | Made up of 3 fused bones:
ilium
ischium
pubis
Acetabulum - hip socket
articulates with head of femur
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| Marks of Os coxae | Marks
=Obturator foramen:
formed by ischial and pubic rami
attaches hip muscles
=Pubic symphysis:
gap between pubic tubercles
padded with fibrocartilage
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| The Pelvis | Consists of 2 ossa coxae, sacrum, & coccyx
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| What two things bind at the pelvis? | appendicular and axial
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| True Pelvis | Perineum region:
inferior edges of true pelvis
Pelvic brim:
upper edge of true pelvis
encloses pelvic inlet
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| Childbearing Modifications | Due to above, female pelvis is smoother & lighter
Enlarged pelvic outlet
Broad pubic angle (> 100°)
Less curvature of sacrum and coccyx
Wide, circular pelvic inlet
Broad, low pelvis
Ilia project laterally, not upwards
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| Femur | Proximal Epiphysis
Femoral head:
articulates with pelvis at acetabulum
Neck
narrow area between head & trochanters
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| Shaft of femur | Linea aspera:
most prominent ridge of shaft
attaches hip muscles
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| patella | Base attaches quadriceps femoris
Apex attaches patellar ligament
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| tibia | Proximal Epiphysis
Medial and lateral tibial condyles
articulate with medial & lateral condyles of femur
Tibial tuberosity: attaches patellar ligament
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| tibia shaft | Shaft
Anterior margin: sharp ridge of shinbone
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| Distal epiphysis of tibia | Medial malleolus: medial projection at ankle
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| Fibula | Interosseous membrane:
binds fibula to tibia
Lateral malleolus:
lateral projection of ankle
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| Interosseous membrane happens also where? | ulna and radius
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| Ankle | of 7 tarsal bones
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| feet | 5 metatarsal bones:
long bones of foot
numbered I–V, medial to lateral
Articulate with toes
phalanges:
bones of the toes
hallux: big toe, 2 phalanges (distal, proximal)
Other 4 toes: 3 phalanges (distal, medial, proximal)
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| Arm proximal epiphysis | separated by intertubercular groove:
greater tubercle:
lateral
forms tip of shoulder
lesser tubercle:
anterior, medial
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Created by:
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