Unit 02-Biochemistry
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| This has 2 or more different elements. | compound
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| The term for when there is an attraction between different substances | adhesion
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| What are the building blocks of nucleic acids: | nucleotides
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| Lipids are what type of polarity? | nonpolar
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| List the 5 things that can affect enzyme activity? | temp, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, competitive inhibition
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| What is the general term for the things that are needed to create a chemical reaction. | reactants
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| When there is an unequal distribution of charges, the substance is: | Polar
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| This makes more hydroxide ions when mixed with water. | Bases
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| Give an example of our main energy molecule that is a special type of a nucleotide: | ATP
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| What is the term for when a protein unravels and loses its 3D shape and therefore can’t work. | Denaturation
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| These macromolecules consist of sugars and starches. | Carbohydrates
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| These type of compounds do not have carbon, but have covalent and ionic bonds. | inorganic molecules
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| What is the general term for the things that a chemical reaction creates. | products
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| What is the term for a protein that catalyzes a chemical reaction? | enzyme
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| The smallest unit of matter: | atom
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| The building blocks of proteins are: | amino acids
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| What is the term for the pocket on an enzyme that a substrate binds to? | active site
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| Type of bond that steals or gives away an electron | Ionic bond
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| Describe the building blocks of a phospholipid: | glycerol, phosphate group, and 2 fatty acids
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| Term for the substance that is dissolved: | solute
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| What is the term for the amount of energy that is needed to start a chemical reaction. | Activation energy
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| What is the term for when smaller molecules combine to make a bigger molecule and removes water | dehydration synthesis
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| Type of bond that is in water, is weak, is covalent, but not sharing equally. | Hydrogen bonds
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| Ice has more ________ hydrogen bonds than water because they are spaced out more. | stable
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| List the parts of the atom and their charges: | electron (-), proton (+), neutron
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| The bond between amino acids to make a protein are called? | peptide bonds
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| Describe the 3 steps of the catalytic cycle (enzyme action) | substrate bind, activation energy lowered, enzyme changes shape, products made, products released, active site empty
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| These have a pH of 8-14. | Bases
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| What are the 3 properties of water: | absorbs/stores heat efficiently
Bonds to itself and other things
Can dissolve substances
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| What are the 2 primary examples of nucleic acids? | DNA and RNA
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| What is the term for then a non-substrate molecule binds to the active site, not letting the correct substrate bind | competitive inhibition
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| The building block (monomer) of carbohydrates are: | monosaccharides
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| These type of compounds have carbon and covalent bonds. | Organic molecules
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| An example in nature of adhesion: | transpiration
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| This is pH of 7 | pure water (distilled water)
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| This only has one type of atom. | element
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| Describe characteristics of saturated fats: | straight, no double bonds, solid at room temp
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| These have a pH of 0-6. | Acids
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| What are the two characteristics that make water so important to cells? | most biochemical processes occur in water
the polarity makes things dissolve to transporting in/out of cell is easier
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| List the 3 purposes of lipids: | cell membrane structure, long-term energy, insulation
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| The term for when there is an attraction between the same kind of molecules | cohesion
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| What is the term for all the chemical reactions that occur within an organism. | metabolism
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| The term for things that can react with acids and bases to keep pH with a certain range. | Buffers
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| When a phosphate breaks off ATP is it storing energy or releasing energy? | releasing energy
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| This characteristic of water makes it dissolve other things easily: | polarity
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| this has 2 or more atoms, by covalent bonds. | molecule
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| What are the 4 forms of energy: | light, chemical, mechanical, electrical
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| Describe characteristics of unsaturated fats: | crooked, double bonds, liquid at room temp
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| The purpose of carbohydrates. | Quick energy
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| This makes more hydrogen ions when mixed with water. | Acids
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| What are the 3 purposes of proteins: | structural, enzymes, specialized like antibodies and hemoglobin
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| What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide? | a sugar, a phosphate group, a base
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| Type of bond that shares electrons. | Covalent bonds
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| Term for liquid that a substance is dissolved in: | solvent
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| What is the term for when bigger molecules break down into smaller molecules in the presence of water | hydrolysis
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| The building blocks of basic lipids are: | glycerol and 3 fatty acids
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| What does a catalyst do? | Speed up a reaction
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| An atom that has gained or lost an electron is called an: | Ion
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| Water is _________: | Polar
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| An example of cohesion is called _________ | surface tension
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| What is the term for a substance that binds to an active site? | substrate
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| Proteins have what type of shape? | unique 3-D shape
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| What is the process name for making carbohydrates | dehydration synthesis
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