Test 2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operational definition | show 🗑
|
||||
| Identity | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A property of measurement in which the ordering of numbers reflects the ordering of the variable; numbers are assigned in order so that some numbers represent more or less of the variable being measured than others.
🗑
|
||||
| show | A property of measurement in which a difference of 1 is the same amount throughout the entire scale
🗑
|
||||
| Absolute zero | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A scale in which objects or individuals are assigned to categories that have no numerical properties. . Ex. Ethnicity, religion, sex. Properties- Identity. Math-none.
🗑
|
||||
| show | A scale in which objects or individuals are categorized, and the categories form a rank order along a continuum. Ex. Class rank, letter grades. Properties-Identity, magnitude. Math-Rank order.
🗑
|
||||
| show | A scale in which the units of measurement (intervals) between the numbers on the scale are all equal in size. Ex. Temperature, psych tests. Properties-Identity, magnitude, equal unit size. Math-Add, subtract, multiply, divide.
🗑
|
||||
| Ratio scale | show 🗑
|
||||
| Discrete variables | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Variables that usually fall along a continuum and allow for fractional amounts. Clue: fractional. Most interval and ratio.
🗑
|
||||
| Self-report measures | show 🗑
|
||||
| Test | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Measures taken by carefully observing and recording behavior. Ex. Counting behaviors, classifying behaviors. Considerations: Reactivity? Objective observers?
🗑
|
||||
| Reactivity | show 🗑
|
||||
| Physical measures | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | An indication of the consistency or stability of a measuring instrument
🗑
|
||||
| show | A measure of the degree of relationship between two sets of scores. It can vary between – 1.00 and +1.00. Strength: +/-.70 – 1.00 Strong, +/-.30 - .69 Moderate, +/-.01 - .29 Weak, .00 None.
🗑
|
||||
| Positive correlation | show 🗑
|
||||
| Negative correlation | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A reliability coefficient determined by assessing the degree of relationship between scores on the same test administered on two different occasions [to the same people]. Measures: stability over time.
🗑
|
||||
| show | A reliability coefficient determined by assessing the degree of relationship between scores on two equivalent tests [administered to sample at two different times]. Measures: stability over time, equivalency of items
🗑
|
||||
| Split-half reliability | show 🗑
|
||||
| Interrater reliability | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A measure of the truthfulness of a measuring instrument. It indicates whether the instrument measures what it claims to measure.
🗑
|
||||
| Content validity | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The extent to which a measuring instrument appears valid on its surface.
🗑
|
||||
| Criterion validity | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The ability of the test to estimate performance. How? Correlate performance on the test with a concurrent behavior.
🗑
|
||||
| show | The ability of the test to predict future performance. How? Correlate performance on the test with a behavior in the future.
🗑
|
||||
| Construct validity | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | equal unit size
🗑
|
||||
| Discrete variables are to __ and continuous variables are to __ | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | identity;absolute zero
🗑
|
||||
| When applying for a part-time job at the local supermarket Bob was given a test ... next week Bob took the SAT ... The test at the supermarket was a measure of __ validity whereas the SAT was a measure of __ validity. | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following statements is NOT true? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | true score + measurement error (method error + trait error).
🗑
|
||||
| Correlation coefficients can vary between | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is NOT a type of self-report measure? | show 🗑
|
||||
| A scale of measurement in which objects or individuals are categorized and the categories form a rank order along a continuum is a(n) __ scale | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is not a type of validity? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | behavioral self-report measure
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the variables with the strongest degree of relationship? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Test/retest
🗑
|
||||
| If observers disagree 20 times out of 80, then the interrater reliability is __ | show 🗑
|
||||
| A blood pressure reading is to a __ measure as observing how many patrons in a fast food restaurant take advantage of free drink refills is to a __ measure. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Interrater
🗑
|
||||
| show | operational definition
🗑
|
||||
| show | ordinal;ratio
🗑
|
||||
| show | Reliability
🗑
|
||||
| __ reliability is determined by assessing the degree of relationship between scores on two equivalent tests | show 🗑
|
||||
| Stability over time is to __ reliability and equivalency of items is to __ reliability. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | criterion reliability
🗑
|
||||
| show | .67
🗑
|
||||
| __ validity is the extent to which a measuring instrument appears valid on its surface | show 🗑
|
||||
| A scale of measurement in which, in addition to order and equal units of measurement, there is an absolute zero that indicates an absence of the variable being measured is a(n) __ scale. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | magnitude
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following represents data arranged on an interval-ratio scale? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | +.69
🗑
|
||||
| __ validity is the extent to which a measuring instrument covers a representative sample of the domain of behaviors to be measured. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Behavioral self-report measures ask people to report how often they do something.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following represents the best operational definition of hunger? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | nominal;interval
🗑
|
||||
| show | +.10
🗑
|
||||
| show | A committee charged with evaluating research projects in which human subjects are used.
🗑
|
||||
| informed consent form- | show 🗑
|
||||
| Deception- | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Providing information about the true purpose of a study as soon after the completion of data collection as possible.
🗑
|
||||
| show | deception.
🗑
|
||||
| _____ risk research is defined as research involving no more risk than that encountered in daily life or during the performance of routine physical or psychological examinations or tests. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | informed consent must be obtained from the parents or legal guardians.
🗑
|
||||
| show | an institutional review board.
🗑
|
||||
| If confidentiality is compromised, then human participants: | show 🗑
|
||||
| The APA guidelines address several issues with respect to animal welfare. These include all of the following EXCEPT: | show 🗑
|
||||
| Providing information about the true purpose of a study as soon after the completion of data collection as possible is referred to as: | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | IRB; at risk; at minimal risk
🗑
|
||||
| show | Institutional Review Board.
🗑
|
||||
| _____refers to explaining the purpose of a study to participants after completion of data collection, and _____ refers to not telling the participants the truth about the purpose of the study. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | obtain informed consent.
🗑
|
||||
| show | deception
🗑
|
||||
| show | Debriefing
🗑
|
||||
| A form given to individuals before they participate in a study to inform them of the general nature of the study and to obtain their consent to participate is an __ | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The extent to which research can be generalized to real-life situations.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Studies in which the participants are aware that the researcher is observing their behavior.
🗑
|
||||
| nonparticipant observation - | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Studies in which the researcher actively participates in the situation in which the research participants are involved.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Studies in which the participants are unaware that the researcher is observing their behavior.
🗑
|
||||
| expectancy effects – | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Full narrative descriptions of a participant ’ s behavior.
🗑
|
||||
| Checklist- | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A type of item used on a checklist on which attributes that will not change are recorded.
🗑
|
||||
| show | A type of item used on a checklist to note the presence or absence of behaviors.
🗑
|
||||
| show | A type of social research based on field observations that is analyzed without statistics
🗑
|
||||
| show | A descriptive research method that involves describing data that existed before the time of the study.
🗑
|
||||
| Interview- | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A method that involves interviewing six to ten individuals at the same time.
🗑
|
||||
| show | A method that involves observing everyday activities as they happen in a natural setting.
🗑
|
||||
| action research- | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Questions for which participants formulate their own responses.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Questions for which participants choose from a limited number of alternatives.
🗑
|
||||
| partially open-ended questions - | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A numerical scale on which survey respondents indicate the direction and strength of their response.
🗑
|
||||
| show | A type of numerical rating scale developed by Renis Likert in1932.
🗑
|
||||
| show | A question that includes non neutral or emotionally laden terms.
🗑
|
||||
| show | question that sways the respondent to answer in a desired manner.
🗑
|
||||
| double-barreled question- | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The tendency to consistently give the same answer to almost all of the items on a survey.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Questions that ask for basic information, such as age, gender, ethnicity, or income.
🗑
|
||||
| mail survey- | show 🗑
|
||||
| sampling bias- | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The tendency for the person asking the questions to bias the participants ’ answers.
🗑
|
||||
| telephone survey- | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A response that is given because a respondent believes it is deemed appropriate by society.
🗑
|
||||
| personal interview- | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A sample that is like the population.
🗑
|
||||
| show | A sampling technique in which each member of the population has a known probability of being selected to be part of the sample.
🗑
|
||||
| random selection – | show 🗑
|
||||
| stratified random sampling- | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A sampling technique in which clusters of participants that represent the population are used.
🗑
|
||||
| nonprobability sampling | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A sampling technique in which participants are obtained wherever they can be found and typically wherever is convenient for the researcher.
🗑
|
||||
| show | A sampling technique that involves ensuring that the sample is like the population on certain characteristics but uses convenience sampling to obtain the participants.
🗑
|
||||
| show | expectancy effects
🗑
|
||||
| __ is/are a lesser concern when using __ observation because the observations are made in an __ manner. | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is FALSE? | show 🗑
|
||||
| The __ method involves describing data that existed before the time of the study. | show 🗑
|
||||
| order to generate a __ sample, Pam selected every 10th name off of the registrar’s alphabetical list of all students at her university. All of the students at the university represent the __ and Pam used the __ sampling technique. | show 🗑
|
||||
| __ sampling is a sampling technique in which each member of the population has a known likelihood of being selected to be part of the sample. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | participant
🗑
|
||||
| show | poor response rate;interviewer bias
🗑
|
||||
| __ is/are more of a concern when using __ observation. | show 🗑
|
||||
| Researchers often prefer __ observation because it increases __ validity. | show 🗑
|
||||
| Studies in which the participants are unaware that the researcher is observing their behavior utilize __ observation. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | cluster sampling
🗑
|
||||
| Studies in which the researcher does not participate in the situation in which the research participants are involved utilize __ observation. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | closed-ended;open-ended
🗑
|
||||
| show | demographic;end
🗑
|
||||
| show | narrative records;checklists
🗑
|
||||
| show | A closed-ended question is a question for which participants formulate their own responses.
🗑
|
||||
| Per the text, Jean Piaget began his study of cognitive development by conducting __ of his own three children. | show 🗑
|
||||
| The extent to which research can be generalized to real-life situations is known as __ | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | close-ended
🗑
|
||||
| A tendency for one group to be overrepresented in a study is known as __ | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | response bias.
🗑
|
||||
| A tally sheet on which attributes that will not change are recorded is to __ as a tally sheet used to note the presence or absence of behaviors is to __ items. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | expectancy effects
🗑
|
||||
| show | eliminating interviewer bias
🗑
|
||||
| Rich is conducting a survey of student opinion of the dining hall at his university. In order to make sure that students from each major are adequately represented he should use the __ sampling technique. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Quota
🗑
|
||||
| show | participant
🗑
|
||||
| show | laboratory;naturalistic
🗑
|
||||
| show | Likert scale and a rating scale.
🗑
|
||||
| show | ecological validity
🗑
|
||||
| A tally sheet on which the researcher records attributes of the participants and whether particular behaviors were observed is a(n) __. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Reactivity;disguised;unobtrusive
🗑
|
||||
| show | A table in which all of the scores are listed along with the frequency with which each occurs.
🗑
|
||||
| class interval frequency distribution- | show 🗑
|
||||
| qualitative variable- | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A graphical representation of a frequency distribution in which vertical bars are centered above each category along the x -axis and are separated from each other by a space, indicating that the levels of the variable represent distinct, unrelated categor
🗑
|
||||
| show | A variable for which the scores represent a change in quantity.
🗑
|
||||
| show | A graphical representation of a frequency distribution in which vertical bars centered above scores on the x -axis touch each other to indicate that the scores on the variable represent related, increasing values.
🗑
|
||||
| frequency polygon- | show 🗑
|
||||
| descriptive statistics- | show 🗑
|
||||
| measure of central tendency - | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A measure of central tendency; the arithmetic average of a distribution.
🗑
|
||||
| show | A measure of central tendency; the middle score in a distribution after the scores have been arranged from highest to lowest or lowest to highest.
🗑
|
||||
| Mode- | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A number that indicates the degree to which scores are either clustered or spread out in a distribution.
🗑
|
||||
| Range- | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A measure of variation; the average difference between the scores in the distribution and the mean or central point of the distribution, or, more precisely, the square root of the average squared deviation from the mean.
🗑
|
||||
| show | An alternative measure of variation that, like the standard deviation, indicates the average difference between the scores in a distribution and the mean of the distribution.
🗑
|
||||
| show | The standard deviation squared.
🗑
|
||||
| show | A symmetrical, bell-shaped frequency polygon representing a normal distribution.
🗑
|
||||
| normal distribution- | show 🗑
|
||||
| Kurtosis- | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Normal curves that have peaks of medium height and distributions that are moderate in breadth.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Normal curves that are tall and thin, with only a few scores in the middle of the distribution having a high frequency.
🗑
|
||||
| platykurtic - | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | distribution A distribution in which the peak is to the left of the center point, and the tail extends toward the right, or in the positive direction.
🗑
|
||||
| show | A distribution in which the peak is to the right of the center point, and the tail extends toward the left, or in the negative direction.
🗑
|
||||
| z -score (standard score)- | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A normal distribution with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.
🗑
|
||||
| show | The expected relative frequency of a particular outcome.
🗑
|
||||
| percentile rank- | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 16%
🗑
|
||||
| Mode is to __ and median is to __ | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | mean;mode
🗑
|
||||
| Faculty in the psychology department at State University consume an average of 5 cups of coffee per day with a standard deviation of 1.5. The distribution is normal. What is the percentile rank for an individual who consumed 8 cups of coffee per day? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | greater than;greater than
🗑
|
||||
| show | the biology test
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is a disadvantage of using the range as a measure of variation? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | bar graph
🗑
|
||||
| A number that characterizes the “middleness” of an entire distribution is a __ | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | smaller;smaller
🗑
|
||||
| show | class interval frequency distribution
🗑
|
||||
| show | +1.00
🗑
|
||||
| show | Frequency distribution;histogram
🗑
|
||||
| Time is to the_________ scale of measurement as ethnicity is to the___________ scale of measurement. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | An operational definition
🗑
|
||||
| show | Split-half
🗑
|
||||
| A property of measurement in which objects that are different receive different scores is __. | show 🗑
|
||||
| An inverse relationship between two variables in which an increase in one variable is related to a decrease in the other, and vice versa is a __. | show 🗑
|
||||
| A direct relationship between two variables in which an increase in one is related to an increase in the other, and a decrease in one is related to a decrease in the other is a __. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | -.89
🗑
|
||||
| show | absolute zero
🗑
|
||||
| show | Test/retest reliability is determined by assessing the degree of relationship between scores on the same test, administered on two different occasions.
🗑
|
||||
| A scale of measurement in which the units of measurement between the numbers on the scale are all equal in size is an _______ scale. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Validity; reliability
🗑
|
||||
| show | Laboratory; more; reactivity.
🗑
|
||||
| Consider the following survey question: “Do you consider a microwave to be fast and convenient?” This is an example of a ________ question. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Undisguised; Nonparticipant
🗑
|
||||
| _______ reliability should be established when using the data collection method of _______. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | narrative record
🗑
|
||||
| A question including non-neutral or emotionally laden terms is to a ______ question as a question that sways the respondent to answer in a desired manner is to a _____ question. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Survey research
🗑
|
||||
| Marnie keeps answering the questions on the survey she is taking as she thinks most others in society would answer them, rather than with her true responses. Marnie’s answers illustrate __. | show 🗑
|
||||
| Faculty in the psychology department at State University consume an average of 5 cups of coffee per day with a standard deviation of 1.5. The distribution is normal. How many cups of coffee would an individual at the 25th percentile drink per day? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | mean.
🗑
|
||||
| The middle score in a distribution after the scores have been arranged from highest to lowest or lowest to highest is the __. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | converted to absolute values
🗑
|
||||
| Faculty in the psychology department at State University consume an average of 5 cups of coffee per day with a standard deviation of 1.5. The distribution is normal. What proportion of faculty consumes an amount between 4 and 6 cups? | show 🗑
|
||||
| In a psychology class of 100 students, test scores are normally distributed with a mean of 80 and a standard deviation of 5. Approximately what percentage of students have scores between 70 and 90? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Quantitative
🗑
|
||||
| Approximately what percentage of scores are between z=1 and z=2? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Imagine that 86,999 people who are penniless live in Centerville. Bill Gates, whose net worth is $87, 000, 000, 000 moves to Centerville. Now the mean net worth in this town is _____ and the median net worth is ______. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | standard deviation.
🗑
|
||||
| Rich’s first psychology exam score is +1 standard deviation from the mean in a normal distribution. The test has a mean of 60 and a standard deviation of 6. Rich’s percentile rank would be approximately | show 🗑
|
||||
| A line graph of the frequencies of individual scores is a _________. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The standard deviation is the least sophisticated measure of variation and the lease frequently used.
🗑
|
||||
| Qualitative variable is to quantitative variable as ______ is to _______. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Histogram
🗑
|
||||
| show | Mean
🗑
|
||||
| show | Mode; median or mean
🗑
|
||||
| During the past year, Cindy and Bobby each read 2 books, but Greg read 25, Jan read 12, and Marcia read 9. The median number of books read by these individuals was __. | show 🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
zepol
Popular Psychology sets