Cells and their organelles.
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Cell Theory | 1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. 2.The cell is the most basic unit of life. 3.All cells arise from pre-existing, living cells.
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| Robert Hooke | invented microscope, 30x coined term cell
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| Anton van Leuwenhoek | invented 300x, coined term animalcules
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| Prokaryotic cells | commonly known as bacteria, have no membrane bound organelles, circular DNA, very small <10 um and capsules and pilli are unique to these cells, 20 min reproduction
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| Eukaryotic cells | protists, fungi, plant and animal cells, have membrane bound organelles, linear DNA, large >10 um usually 60+, 24 hour reproduction
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| What to all eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have in common | cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA, cell membrane
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| Cell wall | (Plant) forms the structure of a plant cell made of the stiff sugar cellulose, has large holes in it so that nutrients can enter and leave the cell.
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| Cell membrane | (Both) forms a boundary between the inside an outside of the cell, made of a phospholipid bilayer, controls what goes into and out of the cell
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| Cytoplasm | (Both) includes everything between the nucleus and the cell membrane including cytosol a liquid that has nutrients dissolved in it.(macromolecules)
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| Cytoskeleton | (Both) made of microfilaments (movement), microtubules(highways for molecules) and Intermediate fibers (hold organelles in place), helps the cell move, keep its shape, and organize its parts.
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| Nucleus | (Both) Organelle responsible for the organizing DNA. Controls the actions and organizations of the cell.
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| Nucleolus | (Both) makes ribosomes (in nucleus)
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| Ribosomes | (Both) factories the synthesis proteins (building blocks of cells), free, in cytoplasm, bound, on RER
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| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | (Both) a system of membranes that assist the in the production, processing and transporting of proteins and has ribosomes attached to the membrane.
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| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | (Both) a system of membranes that assist the in the production, processing and transporting of lipids. No Ribosomes
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| Golgi Apparatus | (Both) a system of membranes that make and package materials to leave the cell. Usually repackaging thing from the ER.
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| Vescicles/vacuoles | (Both) any sac that contains materials (storeroom so that things can be stored or transported)
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| Lg central vacuole | (Plant) largest part of a plant cell used for storage of water and ions, it also keeps the cell from collapsing.
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| Lysosomes | (Both) a vesicle that has digestive enzymes, recycles old/damaged organelles
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| Mitochondria | (Both) uses sugar to recharge ATP the energy of the cell through the process of cellular respiration
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| Chloroplasts | (Plant) uses CO2 and water to make sugar through the process of photosynthesis
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| Centrioles/centrosome | only found in (animal cells only) made of proteins that assist in mitosis. Cellular reproduction.
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| Difference between animal and plant cells | plant only (cell wall, chloroplasts, lg. central vacuole) Animal only (centrioles)
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| Levels of Organization < to > | cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism
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| How is protein made and transported through cell | Nucleus(DNA blueprint for protein)>RNA(message to ribo)>Ribosome(assembles protein)>RER(modifies, packages, stores protein)>vesicle(transports)>Golgie(modifies and repackages)>vesicle>cell membrane(exports from cell)
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