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Wills Bio ML CH7.1+2
Cells and their organelles.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell Theory | 1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. 2.The cell is the most basic unit of life. 3.All cells arise from pre-existing, living cells. |
| Robert Hooke | invented microscope, 30x coined term cell |
| Anton van Leuwenhoek | invented 300x, coined term animalcules |
| Prokaryotic cells | commonly known as bacteria, have no membrane bound organelles, circular DNA, very small <10 um and capsules and pilli are unique to these cells, 20 min reproduction |
| Eukaryotic cells | protists, fungi, plant and animal cells, have membrane bound organelles, linear DNA, large >10 um usually 60+, 24 hour reproduction |
| What to all eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have in common | cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA, cell membrane |
| Cell wall | (Plant) forms the structure of a plant cell made of the stiff sugar cellulose, has large holes in it so that nutrients can enter and leave the cell. |
| Cell membrane | (Both) forms a boundary between the inside an outside of the cell, made of a phospholipid bilayer, controls what goes into and out of the cell |
| Cytoplasm | (Both) includes everything between the nucleus and the cell membrane including cytosol a liquid that has nutrients dissolved in it.(macromolecules) |
| Cytoskeleton | (Both) made of microfilaments (movement), microtubules(highways for molecules) and Intermediate fibers (hold organelles in place), helps the cell move, keep its shape, and organize its parts. |
| Nucleus | (Both) Organelle responsible for the organizing DNA. Controls the actions and organizations of the cell. |
| Nucleolus | (Both) makes ribosomes (in nucleus) |
| Ribosomes | (Both) factories the synthesis proteins (building blocks of cells), free, in cytoplasm, bound, on RER |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | (Both) a system of membranes that assist the in the production, processing and transporting of proteins and has ribosomes attached to the membrane. |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | (Both) a system of membranes that assist the in the production, processing and transporting of lipids. No Ribosomes |
| Golgi Apparatus | (Both) a system of membranes that make and package materials to leave the cell. Usually repackaging thing from the ER. |
| Vescicles/vacuoles | (Both) any sac that contains materials (storeroom so that things can be stored or transported) |
| Lg central vacuole | (Plant) largest part of a plant cell used for storage of water and ions, it also keeps the cell from collapsing. |
| Lysosomes | (Both) a vesicle that has digestive enzymes, recycles old/damaged organelles |
| Mitochondria | (Both) uses sugar to recharge ATP the energy of the cell through the process of cellular respiration |
| Chloroplasts | (Plant) uses CO2 and water to make sugar through the process of photosynthesis |
| Centrioles/centrosome | only found in (animal cells only) made of proteins that assist in mitosis. Cellular reproduction. |
| Difference between animal and plant cells | plant only (cell wall, chloroplasts, lg. central vacuole) Animal only (centrioles) |
| Levels of Organization < to > | cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism |
| How is protein made and transported through cell | Nucleus(DNA blueprint for protein)>RNA(message to ribo)>Ribosome(assembles protein)>RER(modifies, packages, stores protein)>vesicle(transports)>Golgie(modifies and repackages)>vesicle>cell membrane(exports from cell) |
Created by:
mrwillsshs
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