Chapter 3- Your Wonderful Body- A Beka Book- Science Order and Design Malia N.
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| Anatomists | Scientists who study anatomy
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| Anatomy | The study of an organism's shape and structure
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| What parts of a human being are the most important and are not physical and cannot be explained by scientific laws? | Soul and spirit
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| What are the three main divisions of your body? | Head, trunk, and appendages
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| Trunk | Contains most of the body's most vital organs
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| Appendages | Arms and legs
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| No part of the body can exist _____________. | Independently. God said this in His Word.
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| System | The highest and most obvious level of organization within your body.
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| Organ | A group of tissues specifically arranged to perform a definite function(s)
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| Tissues | Made up of still smaller units called cells
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| Cells | Not the smallest units of matter, but they are the smallest units of living things
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| To survive, your body's cells must have ____, _____, ______ supplied, and ______ removed. | food, water, oxygen, wastes
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| Cardiovascular system | Has the job of "pickup and delivery"
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| Which word describes the body parts through which blood travels? | Cardiovascular. Cardio refers to the heart, and vascular refers to the blood vessels.
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| Plasma | Over 50% of your blood consists of this straw-colored liquid
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| Red blood cells | Transport oxygen to the other cells of the body on special proteins called hemoglobin; millions of these in one drop of blood.
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| Hemoglobin | Special protiens
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| Platelets | Cell pieces that form clots and seal up cuts
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| Heart | Your blood moves through your body by the pumping action of this
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| Arteries | Large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart and they branch into smaller vessels called arterioles.
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| Arterioles | Branch into vast networks of still smaller cells called capillaries
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| Capillaries | Are next to your body's cells
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| Deffusion | The mixing of gas or liquid molecules by random molecular motion
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| Venules | Similar to arterioles. However, they carry blood from capillary networks to veins.
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| Veins | Large blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.
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| Atrium | Upper chamber of the heart
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| Ventricle | Lower chamber of the heart
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| Pericardium | A tough slippery membrane that encloses the heart allowing the chambers to contract and relax without rubbing against the surrounding tissues
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| Pulmonary Circulation | Transports the blood back and forth between the lungs and heart
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| Coronary circulation | The blood flow to the heart
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| Systemic circulation | The flow of blood between the heart and the rest of the body
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| Respiratory system | It's major
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| Nasal cavity | Air entering the respiratory system generally travels first into this, where it is warmed, moistened, and filtered
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| Mucous membrane | Lines the nasal cavity and secretes sticky mus that traps dust particles and other foreign substances found in the air
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| Pharnyx | Throat
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| Larnyx | Voice box
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| Trachea | Windpipe
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| Bronchi | Allows air to enter the two lungs
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| Lungs | located in your chest ar spongy organs of the respiratory system
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| Thoracic cavity | Your chest
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| Pleura | A thin, slippery membrane which is held by a lubrication liquid against the pleural membrane (The membrane up against the thoracic cavity wall)
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| Diaphragm | A muscle that helps you breathe by contracting to create more space in your thoracic cavity
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| Digestive system | Breaks down the food you eat, allowing the food to be absorbed by the blood and used throughout your body as a source of energy
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| A you eat and digest food your digestive system acts ____________ and __________ upon the food tho break it down inopt molecules that can be absorbed into the blood | mechanically, chemically
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| Alimentary canal | The path food follows through the digestive system
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| Mouth | Chews the food and mixes it with saliva
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| Saliva | Contains special enzymes that break down strach form food into sugar.
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| Enzymes | Molecules designed to make chemical reactions occur very rapidly
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| Teeth | Critical for digestion
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| Crown | The visible part of a tooth
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| Enamel | The hardest substance in the body
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| Root | The part of the tooth that is not covered by enamel
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| Dentin | A hard, bone-like tissue which forms and shapes the tooth
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| Cementum | A thin, bone-like covering over the root which holds the root firmly in its socket
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| Periodontal membrance | Connects the cementum to the jawbone
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| Esophagus | A long, muscular tube that connects your mouth to your stomach
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| Peristalsis | The involuntary contraction of muscles in the esophagus that pushes the food toward you stomach
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| Epiglotttis | A trapdoor that keeps food from entering the trachea. Normally, the epiglottis is open to allow you to breathe.
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| When you _______, the epiglottis ______ over the trachea so that food goes into your ________ and not into your _________ system. | Swallow, closes, esophagus, respiratory
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| Stomach | A muscular organ that acts as a storage and mixing chamber
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| Small intestine | The organ where most chemical digestion and food absorption occurs
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| Duodenum | The first ten inches of the small intestine where food is mixed with digestive secretions from the intestinal wall, pabcreas, and liver
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| Villi | A large number of hair-like tubes that cover the inside walls of all three sections of the small intestine
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| Liver | The body's largest internal organ, works in several systems, but its two main functions help the digestive system
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| Bile | A yellowish-greenish liquid that the liver produces that is mixed with food in the small intestine to help digest fat
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| Gallbladder | The liver stores bile in this sack-like organ, which is located beneath the liver
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| Pancreas | Located beneath the stomach, produces pancreatic juice that is sent into the small intestine
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| Colon | Large intestine
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| Rectum | A short section at the end of the colon
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| Feces | A fancy word for pody
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| Name the three main functions of the liver. | 1. Produce bile
2. Filter out certain poisonous substances
3. Stores the bloods excess glucose
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