Biochemistry/Cells/Photosynthesis/ Respiration
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| Biology | Scientific study of all forms of life
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| Biodiversity | variety of life within an area
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| Data | Observations and measurements recorded during an experiment
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| Organism | an individual living thing
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| Homeostasis | regulation and maintenance of constant internal conditions in an organism, sometimes called dynamic equilibrium
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| Hypothesis | proposed explanation or answer to a scientific question
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| Independent variable | condition or factor that is manipulated by a scientist during an experiment
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| Dependent variable | experimental data collected through observation and measurement
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| Experiment | process that tests a hypothesis by collecting information under controlled conditions
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| Metabolism | all chemical processes that synthesize or breakdown materials within an organism
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| Constant | condition that is controlled so that it does not change during an experiment
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| Observation | using the senses to study the world; using tools to collect measurements; examining previous research results.
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| Theory | Proposed explanation for a wide variety of observations and experimental results.
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| Chloroplast | Organelle composed of numerous membranes that are used to convert solar energy into chemical energy; contain chlorophyll
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| Cell theory | theory that states that all organisms are made of cells, all cells are produced by other living cells, and the cell is the most basic unit of life.
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| Organelle | structure that is specialized to perform a distinct process within a cell.
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| Cytoplasm | Jellylike substance inside cells that contains molecules and in some cells organelles.
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| Cytoskeleton | network of proteins, such as micro tubules and microbial nets, inside eukaryotic cells that supports and shapes cells.
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| Prokaryotic cell | cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.
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| EukaryotIc cells. | Cell that has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
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| Nucleus | organelle composed of a double membrane that acts as the storehouse for most of the cell's DNA
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| Ribosome | Structure that links amino acids together to form proteins
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| Mitochondrion | bean-shaped organelle that supplies energy to the cell , site of cellular respiration
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| Cell Wall | rigid structure that gives protection, support, and shape to cells in plants, algae, fungi and bacteria.
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| Carbohydrate | Molecule made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen;includes sugars and starches.
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| Lipid | Non polar molecules made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, includes fats and oils. Source of energy.
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| Protein | Polymer made up of amino acids linked by peptide bonds; folds into a particular structure depending on bonds between amino acids
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| Nucleic Acids | Polymer of nucleotides; the genetic material of organisms; includes DNA and RNA
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| Cellular respiration | Process that makes ATP by breaking down carbon-based molecules when oxygen is present.
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| ATP | Adenosine triphosphate ; high energy molecule that contains, within its bonds energy that cells can use.
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| Organic | Biology word for carbon based compounds; includes, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
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| Glucose | Monosaccharide, product of photosynthesis, carbohydrate.
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| Stomata | Singular stoma; pores in the cuticle of a plant through which gas exchange occurs.
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| Guard cell | One of a pair of cells that controls the opening and closing of a stoma in plant tissue.
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| Chlorophyll | Light -absorbing pigment molecule in photosynthetic organisms
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| Photosynthesis | Process by which light energy is converted to chemical energy; produces sugar and oxygen from carbondioxide and water
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| differentiation | Process by which committed cells acquire the structures and functions of highly specialized cells
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| species | Group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring
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| Chloroplast | Organelle made up of numerous membranes that are used to convert solar energy into chemical energy; contains chlorophyll
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| Diffusion | Movement of dissolved molecules in a fluid or gas from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration.
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| Osmosis | Diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration
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| Base | Compound that takes up hydrogen ions when dissolved in water; pH of greater than 7.0;
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| Acid | Compound that gives up a proton (H+) when dissolved in water. pH of less than 7.0
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| Active transport | Movement of molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration; requires energy input by the cell
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| Endocytosis | Uptake of liquids or large molecules into a cell by inward folding of the cell membrane
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| Passive transport | Movement of molecules across the cell membrane without energy input fro the cell.
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| Exocytosis | Release of substances out of a cell by the fusion of a vehicle with the membrane
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| Amino acid | Molecule that makes up proteins; made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulphur.
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| Cell membrane | Double-layer of phospholipids that form a boundary between a cell and its surrounding environment and controls the movement of substances into and out of a cell.
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| monomer | Molecular subunit of a polymer
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| Polymer | large, carbon-bases molecule formed by monomers
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| Vacuole | organelle that is used to store materials, such as water, food or enzymes that are needed by the cell.
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| Process | a natural phenomenon marked by gradual changes that lead toward a particular result examples photosynthesis, cellular respiration writing,
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| Synthesis | to make
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| Enzyme | a protein that acts as a catalyst for a biological reaction
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| Catalyst | something that increases the rate of a chemical reaction and its not changed during the reaction
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| Chemical Reaction | change substances into different ones by breaking and forming chemical bonds.
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| Activation Energy | the energy required to start a chemical reaction
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| Reactant | Substrate, are changed during a chemical reaction
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| Product | Produced by a chemical reaction
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| Substrate | Substance that is changed during a chemical reaction
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| Active Site | The part of an enzyme where substrates fit and are acted upon
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| Digest | to break down
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| Autotroph | An organism that can produce its own food using light, water carbon dioxide or other chemicals.
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| Heterotroph | An organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients.
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| Producer | Organism that produce food for themselves and other organisms
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| Consumer | Organims that get their energy and nutrients by eating other organisms
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Created by:
Dr. Lamont
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