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7th grade Ch. 4

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Term
Definition
diffusion   the movement of particles from an area where their concentration is high to an area where their concentration is low  
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osmosis   the diffusion of water across a cell membrane  
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passive transport   the diffusion of particles through proteins in the cell membrane against the direction of diffusion; requires cells to use energy  
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endocytosis   the process in which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses it in a vesicle to bring it into the cell  
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exocytosis   the process used to remove large particles from a cell; during exocytosis, a vesicle containing the particles fuses with the cell membrane  
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photosynthesis   the process by which plants capture light energy from the sun and convert it into sugar  
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cellular respiration   the process of producing ATP in the cell from oxygen and glucose; releases carbon dioxide and water  
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fermentation   the breakdown of sugars to make ATP in the absence of oxygen  
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cell cycle   the life cycle of a cell; in eukaryotes it consists of chromosome duplication, mitosis, and cytokinesis  
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chromosome   a coiled structure of DNA and protein that forms in the cell nucleus during cell division  
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binary fission   the simple cell division in which one cell splits into two; used by bacteria  
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homologous chromosomes   chromosomes with matching information  
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chromatids   identical chromosome copies  
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centromere   the region that holds chromatids together when a chromosome is duplicated  
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mitosis   nuclear division in eukaryotic cells in which each cell receives a copy of the original chromosomes  
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cytokinesis   the process in which cytoplasm divides after mitosis  
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Created by: tharvey
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