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Cells - Ch. 4
7th grade Ch. 4
Term | Definition |
---|---|
diffusion | the movement of particles from an area where their concentration is high to an area where their concentration is low |
osmosis | the diffusion of water across a cell membrane |
passive transport | the diffusion of particles through proteins in the cell membrane against the direction of diffusion; requires cells to use energy |
endocytosis | the process in which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses it in a vesicle to bring it into the cell |
exocytosis | the process used to remove large particles from a cell; during exocytosis, a vesicle containing the particles fuses with the cell membrane |
photosynthesis | the process by which plants capture light energy from the sun and convert it into sugar |
cellular respiration | the process of producing ATP in the cell from oxygen and glucose; releases carbon dioxide and water |
fermentation | the breakdown of sugars to make ATP in the absence of oxygen |
cell cycle | the life cycle of a cell; in eukaryotes it consists of chromosome duplication, mitosis, and cytokinesis |
chromosome | a coiled structure of DNA and protein that forms in the cell nucleus during cell division |
binary fission | the simple cell division in which one cell splits into two; used by bacteria |
homologous chromosomes | chromosomes with matching information |
chromatids | identical chromosome copies |
centromere | the region that holds chromatids together when a chromosome is duplicated |
mitosis | nuclear division in eukaryotic cells in which each cell receives a copy of the original chromosomes |
cytokinesis | the process in which cytoplasm divides after mitosis |