respiratory system part 1
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| Passages of both divisions that carry air to and from the gas exchange surfaces of the lungs make up the ____ | respiratory tract
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| The _____ begins at the entrance to the nasal cavity and extends to bronchioles and a respiratory portion | conducting portion
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| ___ respiratory tract filters, warms and humidifies incoming air-portecting the more delicate surfaces of the lower respiratory system and absorbs heat and water from outgoing air | upper
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| _____ respiratory tract conducts air to and form the gas exchange surfaces | lower
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| ___ lines the conducting portion of the respiratory tract | respiratory mucosa
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| a pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium with numerous mucous cells lines the ____, ___, ____, bronchi and large bronchi | nasal cavity, superior portion of pharynx, trachea
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| the flow of mucus is often described as a ____ | mucus escalator
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| ____ is the underlying layer of areolar tissue that supports the respiratory epithelium | lamina propria
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| respiratory mucosa, with mucous cells and mucus escalator, lines the ____ and the ____ | nasal cavity, superior portion of the pharynx
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| stratified squamous epithelium lines the _____, protecting the epithelium from abrasion and chemical attack | inferior portions of the pharynx
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| a typical respiratory mucosa lines the conducting portion of the ____ | lower reparatory tract
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| in the finer bronchioles, the epithelium becomes ___ | cuboidal
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| gas exchange surfaces consist of _____ | simple squamous epithelium
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| Which type of epithelium lines the inferior portions of the pharynx? | stratified squamous epithelium
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| to pass from the external nares to the internal nares, air flows between adjacent conchae though the _____ | superior middle and inferior meatuses
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| Divides the nasal cavity into left and right portions, formed by the fusion of perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and vomer | nasal septum
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| paranasal sinuses are located where | maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones
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| The nasal cavity opens into the nasopharynx through which structure? | internal nares
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| the ___ conducts air toward the lungs | trachea or windpipe
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| the ____ is the space contained within the flexible tissues of the nose. Its epithelium contains hairs that trap large airborne particles | nasal vestibule
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| inhaled air leaves the pharynx and enters the larynx though a narrow opening called ____ | glottis
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| ___ cartilaginous structure that surrounds and protects the glottis | larynx
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| lamina propria contains an extensive network of large and highly expandable ___ that can release heat like a radiator. It can cool and dry air in nasal cavity | veins
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| ___ folds over glottis during swallowing, preventing liquids and food from entering respiratory tract | epiglottis
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| the prominent anterior surface of the thyroid cartilage, which you can easily feel and see is called __ | laryngeal prominence
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| ___ has expanded posterior portion that provides support and protects the glottis | cricoid cartilage
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| Which structure(s) function(s) in the opening and closing of the glottis and the production of sound? | corniculate and arytenoid cartilages
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| Which laryngeal cartilage(s) is/are small, long, and curved, and lie(s) within folds of tissue that extend between the lateral surface of each arytenoid cartilage and the epiglottis? | cuneiform cartilages
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| when the glottis is open air passing though vibrates the | vocal folds
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| ___ folds help prevent foreign objects from entering the glottis | vestibular folds
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| sound production at the larynx is called ____. However clear speech requires ____ which is the modification of sounds by other structures | phonation, articulation
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| after entering the lung the bronchus divides to form ____, which divides to form ____ | secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi
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| each tertiary bronchus branches several times, giving rise to multiple ___ | bronchioles
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| ___ stiffen tracheal walls and prevent its collapse or over expansion as pressure change | tracheal cartilages
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| contraction of the ____ reduces the diameter of the trachea, increasing resistance to airflow | trachealis muscle
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| most foreign objects that enter the trachea find their way into the ___ | right bronchus
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| Each terminal bronchiole supplies which singular structure? | pulmonary lobule
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| ___ is a meshwork of dense connective tissue that fixes the positions of the bronchi, major nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics | root of the lung
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| each ____ bronchus supplies air to the bronchopulmonary segment | tertiary bronchus
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| the right lung is divided by the ____ and ___ into three lobes: the superior, middle and inferior lobes | horizontal, oblique fissures
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| left lung is divided by the ____ into only two lobes: the superior and inferior lobes | oblique fissure
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| ____ accommodates the pericardial cavity, which sits to the left of the midline | cardiac notch
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| the ___ of the lung is a groove that allows passage of the primary bronchi, pulmonary vessels, nerves, and lymphatics | hilum
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| the conducting and respiratory portions of the respiratory tract are continuous and end in air sacs called ____ | alveoli
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| each terminal bronchiole supplies a single __ | pulmonary lobule
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| the alveolar epithelium is primarily a ____ epithelium | simple squamous
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| ___scattered among the squamous cells and produce surfactant | Type 2 pneumocytes
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| ___ is an oily secretion containing a mixture of phospholipids and proteins that form a superficial coating over a thin layer of water | surfactant
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| the squamous epithelial cells, called ____ are unusually thin and delicate and are the sites of gas diffusion | type 1 pneumocytes
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| gas exchange occurs across the ____ at each alveolus | respiratory membrane
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| the ____ covers the outer surfaces of the lung and the parietal pleura covers the _____ and extends over the diaphragm and mediastinum | visceral pleura, inner surface of the thoracic wall
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| respiratory bronchioles open into regions called ____. It is a common passage that is connected to multiple individual alveoli | alveolar ducts
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