Chapter 24,25,27
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| Advanced caries & Trauma | Sources of irritation to pulp
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| Millimeters | The Calibrations for RCT (Root Canal Therapy)
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| Colors for RCT Pack | White, yellow, red, green, black & blue
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| Vital Pulp | Healthy pulp
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| Reversible Pulpitis | The pulp is inflamed but able to heal when the irritant has been removed
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| Irreversible Pulpitis | The inflammation continues in the pulp until it can not be recovered
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| Exudate | Also known as PUS. As the pulp inflammation continues to progress, pus & gas form in the pulp chamber. If the pus can not escape the pulp dies.
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| Periapical Abscess | A localized destruction of tissue & accumulation of exudate in the Periapical region
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| Osteomyelitis | An advanced stage of Periapical infection that spreads into and through out the bone
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| Fistula | A path to the external surface, created by the body to drain the abscess
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| Radiographs | Used for clinical examination & pulp testing. The most useful diagnostic tool.
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| Radiolucent Appears When? | If inflammation extends beyond the apex of the tooth & has bone involvement
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| Cold Test | Dry ice, ethyl chloride or a piece of ice. The tooth is isolated and then dried then ice is applied to the facial surface of the tooth
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| Toothpaste | Acts as a Conducting medium for the Electric Pulp Tester
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| Broaches | Made of fine metal wires with tiny sharp projection along the instrument shaft. The barbs are angled to allow smooth entry but to remove soft tissue when extracted from the pulpal canal. Sizes from XXX-fine to COARSE
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| Files | K-Type, Hedstrom & Flex. Used to enlarge and smooth the canal. Long and tapered, twisted instruments that are moved up and down in the canal
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| Pesso Reamer | Have parallel cutting sides and are used with latch attachments and low speed handpieces
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| Gates Glidden | Used to widen the apical canal
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| Lentulo Spirals | A long, twisted, very flexible wire instrument used to spin root canal sealer into the canal
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| Endodontic Spoon Excavator | has a very long shank that allows the instrument to reach into the coronal portion of the tooth. Removes deep caries, pulp tissue and temporary cement
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| Endodontic Explorer | Adapts gutta percha into the canal, laterally
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| Spreaders | used to latterly condense materials when obturating the canal
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| Pluggers | Also known as condensers
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| Obturating | Sealing/filling the canal
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| Canal Orifices | openings in the canal
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| Transillumination | A strong fiber optic light that transmits through the crown of the tooth. The light produces shadows that may indicate vertical fractures
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| Sodium Hypochlorite | An irrigating solution of water and bleach, which disinfects and dissolves necrotic tissue
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| Chelating | Process by which an agent encloses or grasps a toxic substance and makes it non toxic
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| Apex Finder | Measures the distance to the apex of the tooth and displays information on a digital read out
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| Pulpectomy | removal of all pulpal tissues beginning in the coronal portion of the tooth and terminating 1-3 mm short of the apex in the root canal of a tooth. First stage of a root canal
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| Pulpotomy | Removing the pulp in the coronal portion of a tooth but leaving the pulp in the root canal intact and vital
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| Apicoectomy | The apex of the root and infection surrounding the area are surgically removed
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| Root Amputation | Surgical procedure to remove one or more roots of a multi-rooted tooth
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| 2 Appointments | Root Canal are usually completed in....
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| Root Canal Steps | 1. Gain access to pulp
2. Locate canals
3. Remove pulpal tissue
4. Enlarge & smooth canal
5. Irrigate canal
6. Obturate root canal
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| Root Canal | Where the pulp is removed and replaced with filling material
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| Oral Maxillofacial Surgery | Branch of dentristry that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, injury, and malformation
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| Surgical Scalples | Used to incise or excise soft tissue precisley with the least amount of trauma. # 15 surgical #11-12 incise and drain
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| Retractors | Used to deflect tissue from the surgical site so that the view is unobstructed
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| Mouth Prop | Used to prevent the patients mouth from closeing during the procedure
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| Hemostat | Used to retract tissue, remove small root tips, clamp off blood vessels and grasp loose objects
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| Surgical Scissors | Used to cut sutures and to trim soft tissue
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| Surgical Curette | Used to debride the tooth scocket or diseased tissue
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| Surgical Chisels | Used to remove or shape the bone
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| Surgical Mallet | Used with the chisel if the bone is more dense
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| Rongures | Use to trim and shape the alveolar bone after extractions
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| Elevators | Used to loosen and remove teeth, retained roots, and root fragments
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| Extraction Forceps | Used to remove teeth from the alveolar bone
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| Universal Forceps | Can be used on any of the four quadrants
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| Common Procedures | Routine extractions, multiple extractions, alveoplasty, surgical removal of impacted 3rd molar, biopsy procedures, dental implant surgery
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| Luxates | Moves or dislocates
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| Subluxates | Rocked back and fourth
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| Alveoplasty | after teeth have been removed, it is the process of conturing and smoothing the bone and soft tissue
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| Biopsy | Removal of tissue from a suspicious area, either totaly or partially, for microscopic examination and diagnosis
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| Exfoliative Cytology | "SMEAR BIOPSY" removal of a layer of cells from the surface of the lesion
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| Osseointegration | An implabnt fuses with the bone tissue through a biologic bonding process. 3-6 months
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| Requirements For PT Dental Implants | 1. Overall Health
2. Adequate jaw bone
3. Ample healing ability
4. Positive attitude
5. Follows post-op instructions
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| Alveolitis | "DRY SCOKET" is the most common complication following an extraction
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| TMJ | Structures that work closley together to make it possible to chew, speak, and swallow with out discomfort
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| Aspirating Tip | Removes blood debris from surgical site and for tonsile suction for sedated patient
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| Bone Files | Trim and smooth the bone after teeth have been extracted and rongeurs have contured the bone
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| Root Tip Pick | Tease the root tip or fragments out of the sockets
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| Periosteal Elevator | Used to detach the posterium (bone covering) and gingival tissues from around the tooth prior to forceps
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| Steps For A Routine Extraction | 1. Anestheic
2. Forceps Placed
3. Examine The Socket
4. Debride Area
5. Sutures
6. Release PT/ Post-op Instruction
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| Excisional Biopsy | Removing lesion and ring of good tissue completely (FIBROMAS)
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| Incisional Biopsy | Small Section of the lesion removed. Used on lesions longer then 1cm
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| Transversion | Teeth are in the wrong order in the arch
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| Torosoversion | Teeth are rotated or turned
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| Intraversion | Tooth is positioned below the normal line of occlusion
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| Functional and Esthetic | Reasons Orthodontics serves the patient
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| Glass Ionomer | Cement that holds the bands in place
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| During consultation, topics discussed are | 1. Treatment
2. Patients involvement
3. Cost
4. Patients Responsibility
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| Welded To Bands OR Bonded On Tooth | Ways the brackets stay in place
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| Osteoclasts | Causes the bone to resorb (breakdown)
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