Comprehensive Pharm 3
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| what are the symptoms of organophosphate poisoning | DUMBBELSS Diarrhea Urination Miosis Bradycardia Bronchospasm Excitation of skel muscle Lacrimation Sweating Salivation
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| antidote to organophosphate poisoning | atropine + pralidoxime
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| what is pralidoxime | antagonist used to regenerate active cholinesterase
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| MOA of epi in tx of glaucoma | increases outflow of aqueous humor
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| MOA brimonidine in tx of glaucoma | (alpha agonist) decreases aqueous humor synth
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| MOA beta blockers in tx of glaucoma | decreases aqueous humor secretion
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| MOA acetazolamide in tx of glaucoma | decreas aqueous humor secretion d/t decreaed HCO3
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| MAO cholinomimetics in tx of glaucoma | increased outflow of aqueous humor
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| which drug should be used in a glaucoma emergency | pilocarpine (direct ACh mimetic)
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| MOA latanoprost in tx of glaucoma | PGF-alpha, increases outflow of aqueous humor
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| which glaucoma drugs decrease the synth of aqueous humor? | beta-blockers brimonidine acetazolamide
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| which glaucoma drugs increase outflow of aqueous humor? | epi cholinomimetics PGF2alpa (latanoprost)
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| MOA atropine | muscarinic antagonist
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| toxicity of atropine | dry as a bone hot as a hare mad as a hatter red as a beet blind as a bat
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| Effects Nitrates have on: EDV BP Contractility HR Ejection time MV O2 | down down up (reflex) up (reflex) down down
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| Effects B-blockers have on: EDV BP Contractility HR Ejection time MV O2 | up down down down up down
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| effects b-blockers + nitrates have on: EDV BP Contractility HR Ejection time MV O2 | no effect, or down down little, no effect down little/no effect down a lot!
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| MOA CCBs | block voltage dependent ca channels of cardiac and smooth muscle, reducing muscle contractility
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| In decreasing effect, which CCBs have most effect on vascular smooth muscle? | nifedipine > diltiazem > verapemil
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| in decreasign effeect, which CCBs have most effect on heart? | verapamil > diltiazem > nifedipine
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| which CCB can't be used for arrhythmias? | nifedipine
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| toxicity of CCBs | cardiac depression flushing peripheral edema dizziness constipation
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| which CCB is most similar to nitrates in effect? | nifedipine (makes sense... nifedipine works most strongly on vascular smooth muscle)
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| which CCB is most similar to b-blockers in effect? | verapamil (makes sense... verapamil works most strongly on heart)
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| MOA statins? | HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors blocks formation of cholesterol from HMG-CoA
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| MOA niacin | blocks the export of cholesterol from the hepatocyte to the blood
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| MOA bile resins | binds cholesterol in the gut so they can't get to the hepatocytes
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| MOA ezetimibe | cholesterol absorption blocker so, prevents cholesterol from entering hepatocytes from gut
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| MOA fibrates | increases action of lipoprotein lipase, encouraging the breakdown of VLDL --> LDL also decreases hepatic synthesis and secretion of VLDL increases HDL by decreasing TG (results from decreased VLDL) --> decresaed exchange of cholestreryl esters from HDL
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| which cholesterol agents affect endogenous production of cholesterol? | fibrates niacin lovastatin
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| which cholesterol agents affect absorption of exogenous cholesterol | ezetimibe bise acid resins
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| effects of statins on: LDL HDL TGs | down A LOT up down
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| effects of niacin on LDL HDL TGs | down a lot (not as much as statins) up A LOT down
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| effects of bile acid resins on LDL HDL TGs | down a lot (not as much as statins) none slightly UP
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| effects of ezetimibe on LDL HDL TGs | down a lot (not as much as statins) none none
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| effects of fibrates on: LDL HDL TGs | down a little up DOWN A FRIGGIN TON!
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| what 2 cholesterol drugs, if taken concurrently, will cause rhabdomyolysis | statins and fibrates
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| which cholesterol drugs increase LFTs? | your lft's are not SEF (safe) statins ezetimibe fibrates
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| which cholesterol drug --> GI discomfort | bile acid resins
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| antidote to dig toxicity | anti-dig Fab fragment s slowly normalize K lidocaine cardiac pacer
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| MOA of class I anti-arrhythmics class II? class III? class Iv? | Na channel blockers B-blockers K channel blockers CCBs
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| which drugs are in class Ia anti-arrythmics? | Quinidine Amiodarone Procainamide Disopyramide
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| which drugs are in the class Ib anti-arrhythmics? | I Be with my Lid To Mex(ico) lidocaine tocainide mexiletine
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| which drugs are in the class Ic anti-arrythmics? | See (C)! And Can't (EnCain) We FLEe if we PROP up PHENOMS? encainide flecainide propafenone
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| MOA class IA anti-arrhythmics? | increased AP duration increased ERP increased QT interval
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| uses for class IA anti-arrhythmics | atrial and ventricular arrhythmias (esp reentrant and ectopic) SVT and VT
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| MOA for class IB anti-arrhythmics | decreases AP duration
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| use for class IB anti-arrhythmics | acute ventricular arrhythmias, esp post MI
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| MOA for class IC anti-arrhythmics | no effect on AP
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| uses for class IC anti-arrhythmics | VT --> FV inretractable SVT LAST resort
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| toxicity of quinidine | cinchonism (HA, tinnitus, thrombocytopenia, torsades de pointes from increased QT interval)
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| toxiciyt of procainamide | SLE-like syndrome (reversible)
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| toxicity of IB anti-arrhythmics? | local anesthetic CNS stimulation/depression CV depression
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| toxicity of IC anti-arrhythmics | pro-arrhythmic (esp post-MI) prolongs refractory period
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| receptor selectivity for epi? | all are equal
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| receptor selectivity for NorE | a1 = a2 > b1
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| receptor selectivity for isoproteronol | B1=b2
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| receptor selectivity for DA | d1 = d2 > B > a
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| receptor selectivity for dobutamine | b1 > b2
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| receptor selectivity for phenylephrine | a1 > a2
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| receptor selectivity for albuterol | b2 > b1
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| receptor selectivity for terbutaline | b2 > b1
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