Comprehensive Pharm 1
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| show | creates an osmotic diuresis because it can't leave the tubule inhibits Na and Cl reabsorption in PC and ascendin loop
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| show | to decrease intractranial pressure or intraocular pressure through volume depletion
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| side effects of mannitol | show 🗑
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| show | CHF pulmonary edema anuria severe renal failure severe dehydration
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| how is mannitol administered? | show 🗑
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| MOA spironolactone | show 🗑
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| show | decreases serum Ca levels by directly inhibiting its transport in the DCT
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| show | HTN pulmonary edema edema from CHF or cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome primary hyperaldosteronism
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| show | gynecomastia (and other anti-androgenic effects) hyperkalemia hyponatremia hypochlroemic acidosis (blocks aldosterone's effect on Na/H antiporter)
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| MOA amiloride | show 🗑
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| uses of amiloride | show 🗑
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| show | MOA similar, but triampterene has shorter t1/2
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| MOA furosemide | show 🗑
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| show | edema to increase urine output in ARF (although it doesn't alter the course of ARF) hypercalcemia hyperkalemia
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| show | K wasting metabolic alkalosis Mg depletion ototoxicity hyperuricemia
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| show | increases urate reabsorption d/t increased proximal Na reabsorption
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| contraindication of furosemide | show 🗑
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| show | ethacrynic acid
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| show | block NaCl transport at the DCT Enhanced Ca reaborption (because Na and Ca compete for ATP dependent reabsorption at DCT)
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| show | HTN edema DI (by inducing mild volume depletion) to stop recurrent renal calcium stones
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| show | sulfa allergy
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| side effects of HCTZ | show 🗑
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| MOA acetazolamide | show 🗑
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| uses for acetazolamide | show 🗑
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| show | encephalopathy (from decreased excretion of NH3 in urine) renal stones b/c calcium phosphate is less soluble in alkaline urine hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
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| show | sulfa allergy hepatic or renal dz hyperchloremic acidosis hyponatremia hypokalemia
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| what effect does furosemide have on the following serum levels: K HCO3 Ca Mg urate | show 🗑
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| show | decrease increase increased decreased increased
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| show | increased decreased decreased none none
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| what effect does amiloride have on the following serum levels: K HCO3 Ca Mg urate | show 🗑
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| what effect does acetazolamide have on the following serum levels: K HCO3 Ca Mg urate | show 🗑
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| show | furosemide HCTZ
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| show | furosemide HCTZ
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| show | acute renal failure
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| MOA nitroprusside | show 🗑
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| show | HTN crisis aortic dissection (must be given with B blocker) CHF
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| side effects of nitroprusside | show 🗑
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| contraindications for nitroprusside | show 🗑
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| show | via guanylate cyclase --> increase cGMP which activates cAMP protein dependent kinases and leads to dephosphorylation of myosin light chains and decreased intracellular Ca --> relaxation of veins and increased venous capacitance
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| uses of nitroglyceride | show 🗑
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| show | hypotension, tachycardia, throbbing HA from meningeal arterial dilation
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| MOA captopril | show 🗑
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| uses of captopril | show 🗑
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| show | cough from increased bradykinin can cause renal insufficiency b/c GFR is not increased in low volume states
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| show | renal insufficiency bilateral renal artery stenosis
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| MOA losartan | show 🗑
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| uses of losartan | show 🗑
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| show | no cough can't maintain GFR by vasodilation of efferent arterioles
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| show | inhibits PDE III --> dilation of arteries and veins PDE III inactivates cAMP, so this process is inhibited --> increased Ca reflux in myocardium, with increased cardiac contractility
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| uses of milrinone | show 🗑
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| side effects of milrinone | show 🗑
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| show | blocks PDE V action (thus potentiating the action of cGMP dependent kinases that activate phosphatases that encourage the relaxation of smoooth muscle) also decreases the Ca concnetration --> smooth muscle relaxation
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| MOA digoxin | show 🗑
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| uses of digoxin | show 🗑
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| side effects of digoxin | show 🗑
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| contraindication of digoxin | show 🗑
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| what abnormalities can be seen on the EKG on a person taking digoxin | show 🗑
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