Comprehensive Pharm 1
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| MOA mannitol | show 🗑
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| show | to decrease intractranial pressure or intraocular pressure through volume depletion
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| show | can cause pulmonary edema d/t extracellular volume expansion, pulling water out of cells hypernatremia
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| show | CHF pulmonary edema anuria severe renal failure severe dehydration
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| show | parenterally (poorly absorbed PO)
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| show | K sparing diuretic, antagonizes aldosterone in the DCT, inhibiting Na reabsorption
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| what effect does spironolactone have on Ca | show 🗑
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| clinical uses of spironolactone | show 🗑
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| side effects of spironolactone | show 🗑
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| show | K sparing diuretic, directly inhibits Na reabsorption, independent of aldosterone increased Ca reabsorption
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| uses of amiloride | show 🗑
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| differences between amiloride and triamterene? | show 🗑
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| show | loop diuretic, blocking NKCC increased urinary excretion of K, Mg, Ca increases RBF without altering GFR
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| show | edema to increase urine output in ARF (although it doesn't alter the course of ARF) hypercalcemia hyperkalemia
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| show | K wasting metabolic alkalosis Mg depletion ototoxicity hyperuricemia
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| show | increases urate reabsorption d/t increased proximal Na reabsorption
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| contraindication of furosemide | show 🗑
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| show | ethacrynic acid
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| MOA HCTZ? | show 🗑
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| clinical uses of HCTZ? | show 🗑
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| contraindication of HCTZ | show 🗑
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| show | hyperglycemia hyperlipidemia hyperuricemia hypercalcemia melabolic alkalosis Mg depletion
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| show | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor so it inhibits the reabsorption of HCO3- in PCT also CA is in ciliary body of eye and in choroid plexus cells, so it decreases aqueous humor production and increases CSF production
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| show | acute altitude sickness glaucoma treatment for alkalosis facilitate eexcretion of weak acid (as seen in tumor lysis syndrome)
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| side effects of acetazolamide | show 🗑
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| contraindications of acetazolamide | show 🗑
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| show | decreased increased decreased decreased increased
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| what effect does thiazide have on the following serum levels: K HCO3 Ca Mg urate | show 🗑
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| show | increased decreased decreased none none
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| show | increased decreased increased none none
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| what effect does acetazolamide have on the following serum levels: K HCO3 Ca Mg urate | show 🗑
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| show | furosemide HCTZ
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| show | furosemide HCTZ
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| show | acute renal failure
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| show | vasodilation of arteries and veins contact with RBC --> decomposition of drug and release of NO NO, via activation of guanylate cyclase --> vasodilation
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| show | HTN crisis aortic dissection (must be given with B blocker) CHF
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| show | hypotension reflex tachy CN release
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| show | known inadequate cerebral circulation hepatic/renal dz (increases thiocyanate toxicity)
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| show | via guanylate cyclase --> increase cGMP which activates cAMP protein dependent kinases and leads to dephosphorylation of myosin light chains and decreased intracellular Ca --> relaxation of veins and increased venous capacitance
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| uses of nitroglyceride | show 🗑
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| side effects of nitroglycerine | show 🗑
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| MOA captopril | show 🗑
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| uses of captopril | show 🗑
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| side effects of captopril | show 🗑
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| show | renal insufficiency bilateral renal artery stenosis
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| show | AII receptor blocker
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| uses of losartan | show 🗑
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| show | no cough can't maintain GFR by vasodilation of efferent arterioles
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| MOA milrinone | show 🗑
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| show | refractory CHF can increase mortality, and should ONLY be used if diuretics, digoxin, and vasodilators have failed a-fib
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| side effects of milrinone | show 🗑
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| MOA sildenafil | show 🗑
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| MOA digoxin | show 🗑
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| show | CHF a fib, a flutter (slows conduction through AV node)
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| show | narrow therapeutic window visual disturbances, nausea, blurred vision a-tac and AV block can result
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| contraindication of digoxin | show 🗑
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| show | incresaed PR, decreased QT, scooping of ST segments, T wave inversion
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