Gylys & Masters Chapter 5
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| angioplasty | Surgical procedure that opens a blocked artery by inflating a small balloon within the catheter to widen and restore blood flow in the artery
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| angi/o | vessel (usually blood or lymph)
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| -plasty | surgical repair
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| arteries | Larges blood vessels that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart
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| capillaries | Microscopic blood vessels joining arterioles and venules
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| congenital | Pertaining to presence of a disorder at the time of birth, which may result from genetic or environmental causes
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| metabolism | Sum of all physical and chemical changes that that place within an organism
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| myocardium | Middle layer of the wall of heart that is composed of cardiac muscle.
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| my/o | muscle
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| cardi | heart
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| -um | structure, thing
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| veins | Vessels that return deoxygenated blood to the heart
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| aneurysm/o | widening, widened blood vessel
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| arteri/o | artery
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| ather/o | fatty plaque
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| atri/o | atrium
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| cardi/o | heart
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| coron/o | heart
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| phleb/o | vein
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| ven/o | vein
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| thromb/o | blood clot
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| -rrhaphy | suture
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| scler | harding; sclera (white of eye)
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| -osis | abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)
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| -oma | tumor
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| -um | structure, thing
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| -megaly | enlargement
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| -ary | pertaining to
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| -itis | inflammation
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| -ous | pertaining to
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| -lysis | separation; destruction; loosening
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| -ose | sugar
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| -spasm | involuntary contraction, twitching
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| -ar | pertaining to
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| inter- | between
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| tachy- | rapid
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| electr/o | electricity
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| aort/o | aorta
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| -ac | pertaining to
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| varic/o | dilated vein
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| vas/o | vessel; vas deferens; dus
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| vascul/o | vessel
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| ventricul/o | ventricle (of heart or brain)
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| -cardi | heart condition
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| -gram | record, writing
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| -graph | instrument for recording
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| -graphy | process of recording
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| -stenosis | narrowing, stricture
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| brady- | slow
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| endo- | in, within
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| epi- | above, upon
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| peri- | around
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| aneurysmorrhaphy | suture (of the sac) of an aneurysm; suture os a widened blood vessel
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| arteriosclerosis | hardening of an artery; disorder characterized by thickening, loss of elasticity, and calcification of arterial walls
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| atheroma | tumor of fatty plaque; fatty degeneration or thickening of the larger arterial walls, as in atherosclerosis
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| atrium | structure of the atrium ( a cavity, such as the atrium of the heart)
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| cardiomegaly | enlargement of the heart
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| coronary | pertaining to the heart
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| phlebitis | inflammation of a vein
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| venous | pertaining to the veins or blood passing through them
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| thrombolysis | destruction or breaking up of a thrombus (blood clot)
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| varocose | pertaining to a dilated vein
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| vasospasm | involuntary contraction or spasm of a blood vessels
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| vascular | pertaining to or composed of blood vessels
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| interventricular | within a ventricle ( of the heart)
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| tachycardia | rapid heartbeat
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| electrocardiogram | record of electrical activity of the heart
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| electrocardicograph | instrument for recording electrical activity of the heart
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| angiography | process of recording (radiography) the heart and blood vessels
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| aortostenosis | narrowing of the aorta
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| bradycardica | pertaining to a slow heart (rate)`
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| endocardium | structure (serous membrane that lines the interior of the heart) within the heart
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| epicardium | structure (outermost layer of the heart) above the heart
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| pericardium | structure (fibrous sac) around the heart
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| aneurysm | Localized dilation of a blood vessel wall (usually an artery) due to a congenital defect or weakness in the vessel wall
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| angina pectoris | Mild to severe pain or pressure in the chest caused by ischemia; also called angina
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| arrhythima | Irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat; also called dysrhythmia
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| a- | without, not
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| rrhythm | rhythm
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| -ia | condition
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| fibrillation | Irregular, random contraction of heart fiber that commonly occur in the atria or ventricles of the heart and is usually described by the part that is contracting abnormally, such as atrial fibrillation or ventricular fibrillation
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| arteriosclerosis | Thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of arterial walls; also called hardening of the arteries
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| atherosclerosis | Most common form of arteriosclerosis caused by accumulation of fatty substances within the arterial walls, resulting in partial and, eventually, total blockage
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| bruit | Soft blowing sound heard on auscultation caused by turbulent blood flow
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| embolus | mass of undissolved matter (commonly a blood clot, fatty plaque, or air bubble) that travels though the bloodstream and becomes lodged in a blood vessel
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| embol | embous (plug)
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| -us | condition; structure
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| heart block | Disease of the electrical system of the heart, which controls, activity of heart muscle
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| first-degree heart block | Atrioventricular (AV) block in which the atrial electrical impulses are delayed by a fraction of a second before being conducted to the ventricles
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| second-degree heart block | AV block in which only some atrial electrical impulses are conducted to the ventricles
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| third-degree heart block | AV block in which no electrical impulses reach the ventricles; also called complete heart block (CHB)
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| heart failure (HF) | Condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the metabolic requirement of body tissues; formerly called congestive heart failure (CHF)
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| hypertension (HTN) |
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| hype | excessive, above normal
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| -tension | to stretch
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| ischemia | Inadequate supply of oxygenated blood to a body part due to an interruption of blood flow
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| mitral valve prolapse | Structural abnormality in which the mitral (bicuspid) valve does not close completely, resulting in a back flow of blood into the left atrium with each contraction
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| murmur | Abnormal sound heard on auscultation caused by defects in the valves or chambers of the heart
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| myocardial infarction | Necrosis of a portion of cardic muscle caused by partial or complete occlusion of one or more coronary arteries; also called heart attack
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| patent ductus arteriosus | Failure of the ductus arteriosus (which connects the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch in a fetue) to close after birth, resulting in abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta
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| Raynaud disease | Severe sudden vasoconstriction and spam in fingers and toes followed by cyanosis after exposure to cold temperature or emotional stress; also called Raynaud phenomenon
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| rheumatic heart disease | Streptococcal infection that cause damage to the heart valves and heart muscle, most commonly in children and young adults
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| stroke | Damage to part of the brain due to interruption of its blood supply caused by bleeding within brain tissue or, more commonly, blockage of an artery; also called cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
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| thrombus | A stationary blood clot formed within a blood vessel or within the heart, commonly causing vascular obstruction; also called blood clot
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| deep vein thrombosis | Formation of a blood clot in a deep vein of the body, occurring most commonly in the iliac and femoral veins
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| transient ischemic attack (TIA) | Blood supply to part of the brain is briefly interrupted but does not cause permanent brain damage and may be a warning sign of a more seriou and debilitating stroke in the future; also called ministroke
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| cardiac catheterization | Insertion of a small tube (catheter_ through an incision into a large vein, usually of an arm (brachial approach)or leg (femoral approach), that is then threaded through a blood vessel until it reaches the heart
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| cardiac enzyme studies | Battery of blood test performed to determine the presence of cardiac damage
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| echocardiography (ECHO) | Ultrasound technique to image the heart and evaluate hoe the heart's chamber and valves are working and to diagnose and detect pathological
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| electrocardiography ECG)` | Creation and study of graphic recording (electrocardiograms) produced by electric activity generated by the heart muscle; also called cardiography
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| Holter monitor | Monitoring device worn by a patient that records prolonged electocardiograph reading (usually 24 hours) on a portable tape recorder while the patient conducts normal daily activies
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| stress test | Electrocardiography (ECG) taken under controlled exercise stress conditions (typically using a treadmill) while measuring oxygen consumption
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| nuclear stress test | ECG that utilizes a radioisotope to evaluate coronary blood flow
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| troponin I | Blood test that measure protein released into the blood by damaged heart muscle (not skeletal muscle) and is a highly sensitive specific indicator of a recent myocardial infarction (MI)
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| angioplasty | Surgery that opens a blocked artery by inflating a small balloon within a catheter to widen and restore blood flow in the artery
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| coronary artery by pass graft (CABG) | Angioplasty in which peripheral vein(s) are removed and each end of the vein is sutured onto the coronary artery to create new route around narrowed and blocked arteries, allowing sufficient blood flow to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle
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| cardioversion | Restoration of normal heart rhythm by applying an electrical countershock to the chest using a device called a defibrillator; also called defibrillation
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| defibrillator | device used to administer a defibrillating electric shock to restore normal heart rhythm
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| automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD) | Surgically implanted electrical devic that automatically detects and corrects potentially fatal arrhythmias by delivering low-energy shocks to the heart; also called implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)
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| automatic external defibrillator (AED) | Portable computerized device that analyzes the patients heart rhythm and delivers an electrical shock to simulate a heart in cardiac arrest
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| endarterectomy | Surgical removal of the lining of an artery
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| carotid endarterectomy | Removal of plaque (atherosclerosis) and thromboses from an occluded carotid artery to reduce the risk of stroke
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| endovenous laser therapy (EVLT) | Treatment of large varicose veins in the leg in which a laser fiber is inserted directly into the affected vein to heat the lining within the vein, causing it to collaose, shrink, and eventually disappear; also called endovenous laser ablation (EVLA)
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| sclerotherapy | Chemical injection into a vericose vein that causes inflammation and formation of fibrous tissue, which closes the vein
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| valvloplasty | Insertion of a balloon catheter in a blood vessel in the groin though the aorta and into the heart to widen a stenotic (stiffened) heart valve and increase blood flow; also called percutaneous valvuloplasty
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| anticoagulants | Prevent the clotting or coagulation of blood
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| beta blockes | Slow the heart rate and reduce the force with which the heart muscle contracts, thereby lowering blood pressure
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| nitrates | Relieve chest pain associated with angina and ease symptoms of heart failure (HF)
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| statins | Reduce cholesterol levels in the blood and block production of an enzyme in the liver that produces cholesterol
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| thrombolytics | Dissolve blood clots in a process know as thrombolysis
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