Bio 1201 Exam 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| scientific method (6) | -observation
-question
-hypothesis and prediction
-experiment
-falsifies hypothesis (yes or no)
-repeat if yes/manipulate and repeat if no
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| living organisms (7) | -are organized (molecular to ecosystem)
-utilize energy
-grow and develop
-reproduce
-evolve over generations
-maintain homeostasis
-react to surroundings
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| how many elements exist? what percentage of them are essential for living things? | -92
-20-25%
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| types of reproduction (4) | -divide in half
-produce seeds
-bear live young
-lay eggs
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| what elements make up 96% of living matter? (4) | oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, & nitrogen
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| isotopes | 2 atoms of an element that differ in number of neutrons
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| atomic number | number of electrons
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| atomic mass | total mass of protons and neutrons
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| potential energy | the energy that matter possesses due to its structure or location
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| valence electrons | electrons in the outermost shell; need to be gained/lost/shared to fill the outer shell of electrons
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| electronegativity | the attraction of a particular atom for the electrons; based on the position of the atoms on the periodic table
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| ionic bonds | strong bonds formed when atoms completely gain or lose electrons
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| anion/cation | cation is +/anion is -
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| covalent bond | a strong bond that forms when atoms share electrons
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| nonpolar covalent bonds | bond in which electrons are equally shared
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| polar covalent bonds | bond in which electrons are shared unequally
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| 1.7 or greater | ionic electronegativity
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| nonpolar electronegativity | <0.5
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| >0.5 but <1.7 | polar electronegativity
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| hydrogen bonds (ex.) | noncovalent (no sharing of electrons) attraction between a hydrogen and an electronegative atom (ex. hydrogen+oxygen/nitrogen/fluorine)
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| molecule | two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
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| compound | combination of 2 or more different elements
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| isomers | molecules with the same molecular formula, but a different arrangement of the atoms
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| structural isomer | simplest form of isomer
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| cis isomer | same side
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| trans isomer | opposite side
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| enantiomers | same molecules but mirror images of each other
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| inert atom (ex.) | an atom with a complete valence shell (nonreactive) (ex. noble gases like helium, neon, argon)
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| levels of life from smallest to largest... | atom-->molecule-->cell
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| cell | smallest unit of life
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| unicellular organisms | bacteria
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| multicellular | birds, mammals, and plants
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| tissue (ex.) | composed of similar cells that perform a similar function, found only in multicellular organisms (ex.muscle tissue=combination of muscle cells)
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| organ (ex.) | structure made up of several tissues that function as a unit (ex. heart, lung, stomach)
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| organ system (ex.) | 2 or more organs working together to perform a bodily function (ex. heart=circulatory, lungs=respiratory, stomach=digestive)
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| population | members of the same species in the same area
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| community | 2 or more populations of different species
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| ecosystem | a community and it's nonliving environment
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| biosphere | multiple ecosystems (from bacteria to human and all nonliving components)
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| 3 major categories of life | -bacteria
-archaea (mainly unicellular)
-eukarya (both unicellular and multicellular)
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| classification of organisms | kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genius, and species
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| solution | a liquid that is a completely homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances
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| solvent | the dissolving agent of a solution
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| solute | the substance that is being dissolved
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| aqueous solution | a solution in which water is a solvent
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| hydrophillic | any substance that has an affinity for water or polar molecules but does not always dissolve water (ex. salt, sugar, cotton)
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| hydrophobic | don't have an affinity for water and cannot form hydrogen bonds (ex. vegetable oil)
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