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Bio 1201 Exam 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| scientific method (6) | -observation -question -hypothesis and prediction -experiment -falsifies hypothesis (yes or no) -repeat if yes/manipulate and repeat if no |
| living organisms (7) | -are organized (molecular to ecosystem) -utilize energy -grow and develop -reproduce -evolve over generations -maintain homeostasis -react to surroundings |
| how many elements exist? what percentage of them are essential for living things? | -92 -20-25% |
| types of reproduction (4) | -divide in half -produce seeds -bear live young -lay eggs |
| what elements make up 96% of living matter? (4) | oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, & nitrogen |
| isotopes | 2 atoms of an element that differ in number of neutrons |
| atomic number | number of electrons |
| atomic mass | total mass of protons and neutrons |
| potential energy | the energy that matter possesses due to its structure or location |
| valence electrons | electrons in the outermost shell; need to be gained/lost/shared to fill the outer shell of electrons |
| electronegativity | the attraction of a particular atom for the electrons; based on the position of the atoms on the periodic table |
| ionic bonds | strong bonds formed when atoms completely gain or lose electrons |
| anion/cation | cation is +/anion is - |
| covalent bond | a strong bond that forms when atoms share electrons |
| nonpolar covalent bonds | bond in which electrons are equally shared |
| polar covalent bonds | bond in which electrons are shared unequally |
| 1.7 or greater | ionic electronegativity |
| nonpolar electronegativity | <0.5 |
| >0.5 but <1.7 | polar electronegativity |
| hydrogen bonds (ex.) | noncovalent (no sharing of electrons) attraction between a hydrogen and an electronegative atom (ex. hydrogen+oxygen/nitrogen/fluorine) |
| molecule | two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds |
| compound | combination of 2 or more different elements |
| isomers | molecules with the same molecular formula, but a different arrangement of the atoms |
| structural isomer | simplest form of isomer |
| cis isomer | same side |
| trans isomer | opposite side |
| enantiomers | same molecules but mirror images of each other |
| inert atom (ex.) | an atom with a complete valence shell (nonreactive) (ex. noble gases like helium, neon, argon) |
| levels of life from smallest to largest... | atom-->molecule-->cell |
| cell | smallest unit of life |
| unicellular organisms | bacteria |
| multicellular | birds, mammals, and plants |
| tissue (ex.) | composed of similar cells that perform a similar function, found only in multicellular organisms (ex.muscle tissue=combination of muscle cells) |
| organ (ex.) | structure made up of several tissues that function as a unit (ex. heart, lung, stomach) |
| organ system (ex.) | 2 or more organs working together to perform a bodily function (ex. heart=circulatory, lungs=respiratory, stomach=digestive) |
| population | members of the same species in the same area |
| community | 2 or more populations of different species |
| ecosystem | a community and it's nonliving environment |
| biosphere | multiple ecosystems (from bacteria to human and all nonliving components) |
| 3 major categories of life | -bacteria -archaea (mainly unicellular) -eukarya (both unicellular and multicellular) |
| classification of organisms | kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genius, and species |
| solution | a liquid that is a completely homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances |
| solvent | the dissolving agent of a solution |
| solute | the substance that is being dissolved |
| aqueous solution | a solution in which water is a solvent |
| hydrophillic | any substance that has an affinity for water or polar molecules but does not always dissolve water (ex. salt, sugar, cotton) |
| hydrophobic | don't have an affinity for water and cannot form hydrogen bonds (ex. vegetable oil) |
Created by:
bethel_14
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