CV Pharm 1
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| 5 major side effects for hydrochlorothiazide | hypokalemia, slight hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia
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| 4 major side effects for loop diruetics | potassium wasting, metabolic alkalosis, ototoxicity, hypotension
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| clonidine side effects (2) | dry mouth, severe rebound hypertension
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| methyldopa side effects (2) | sedation, positive Coombs test
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| hexamethonium side effects (4) | severe orthostatic hypotension, blurred vision, constipation, sexual dysfunction
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| reserpine side effects (4) | sedation, depression, nasal stuffiness, diarrhea
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| guanethidine side effects (4) | orthostatic/exercise hypotension, sexual dysfunction, diarrhea
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| prazosin side effects (3) | 1st-dose orthostatic hypotensoin, dizziness, headache
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| beta-blocker major side effects (6) | asthma, impotence, sleep problems, bradycardia, CHF, AV block
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| hydralazine side effects (4) | lupus like syndrome, reflex tachycardia, angina, salt retention
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| minoxidil side effets (5) | hair, pericardial effusion, reflex tachycardia, angina, salt retention
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| vasodilator: calcium blocker side effects (3) | flushing, constipation, nausea
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| nitroprusside major side efect | cyanide toxicity
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| captopril side effects (8) | hyperkalemia, cough, angioedema, proteinuria, taste changes, hypotension, pregnancy problems (fetal renal damage), rash
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| ARB side effect (losartan) | fetal renal toxicity, hyperkalemia
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| two drugs that cause hyperkalemia | losartan and captopril
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| what do you have to do with hydralazine and minoxidil? | use beta blockers to treat reflex tachy, diuretic to block salt retention
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| mechanism of hydralazine | increase cGMP, smooth muscle relaxation, vasodilation, afterload reduction
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| hydralazine selectively dilates which vessels? | arterioles
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| clinical use for hydralazine (2) | severe hypertension, CHF, first-line therapy for HTN in pregnancy
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| mechanism for clonidine | alpha2 agonist
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| mechanism for methyldopa | alpha2 agonist
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| mechanism for prazosin | alpha1 blocker
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| mechanism for reserpine | blocks re-uptake of NE, E and Serotonin back into pre-synaptic vesicles --> allows degradation by MAO
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| mechanism for guanethidine | blocks the release of catecholamines from the presynaptic terminal by inhibiting Mg/ATPase dependent pump
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| what is the mechanism of hexamethonium? | it is a neronal ACh receptor antagonist in autonomic ganglia
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| name 3 calcium channel blockers | nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem
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| mechanism of calcium blockers | block voltage-dependent calcium channels on cardiac/smooth muscle and reduce muscle contractility
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| rank vascular smooth muscle block by calcium blocker | nifedipine>diltiazem>verapamil
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| rank heart smooth muscle block by calcium blocker | verapamil>diltiazem>nifedipine
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| use for calcium blockers | hypertension, angina, arrhythmia (not nifedipine)
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| calcium blocker toxicity (3) | cardiac depression, peripheral edema, flushing,
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| mechanism for nitro drugs | vasodilate by releasing nitric oxide, increase cGMP, smooth muscle relaxation, decrease preload
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| rank the preference for dilation of vascular beds in nitro drugs | veins >> arterioles
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| clinical use for nitro drugs (4) | angina, pulmonary edema, aphrodisiac, erection enhancer
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| name side effects for nitro (4) | tachycardia, hypotension, headache, monday disease
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| define monday disease | build tolerance to nitro during occupational exposure, resensitize on weekend and get tachy and dizzy when returning to work Monday
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