NCLEX Review - Pediatrics
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| show | Sensorimotor: Reflexive behavior is used to adapt to the environment; egocentric view of the world; development of object permanence.
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| show | Trust vs. Mistrust (0-18 months): Development of a sense that the self is good and the world is good when consistent, predictable, reliable care is received; characterized by hope.
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| Piaget's Period fo Toddlers & Preschoolers | show 🗑
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| Erikson's Stage for Toddlers | show 🗑
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| Erikson's Stage for Preschoolers | show 🗑
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| Piaget's Period for School Age | show 🗑
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| Erikson's Stage for School Age | show 🗑
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| Piaget's Period for Adolescence | show 🗑
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| Erikson's Stage for Adolescence | show 🗑
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| show | Intimacy vs. Isolation (19-40 yr): Development of the ability to lose the self in genuine mutuality with another; characterized by love.
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| show | generativity vs. stagnation (40-65 yr): Production of ideas and materials through work; creation of children; characterized by care.
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| Erikson's Stage for Mature Adults | show 🗑
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| When does birth length double? | show 🗑
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| show | 8 months.
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| show | 2 years.
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| show | 18 months.
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| show | 2 years.
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| show | 4 years.
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| show | 5 years.
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| show | a girl’s growth spurt during adolescence begins earlier than a boy’s (as early as 10 years of age).
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| Tanner Stage 1 | show 🗑
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| Tanner Stage 2 | show 🗑
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| Tanner Stage 3 | show 🗑
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| Tanner Stage 4 | show 🗑
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| Tanner Stage 5 | show 🗑
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| show | After 6 months, their cognitive development allows them to remember pain.
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| Concept of bodily injury in Toddlers | show 🗑
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| show | They fear body mutilation.
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| Concept of bodily injury in School-age children | show 🗑
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| Concept of bodily injury in Adolescents | show 🗑
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| show | History of reactions, seizures, neurologic symptoms after previous vaccine, or systematic allergic reactions
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| Contraindication for MMR vaccine | show 🗑
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| Varicella (chickenpox) symptoms | show 🗑
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| show | Discrete red maculopapular rash that starts on face and rapidly spreads to entire body and disappears within 3 days;
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| show | German measles
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| show | Fever, headache, malaise, parotid gland swelling and tenderness; manifestations include submaxillary and sublingual infection, orchitis, and meningoencephalitis
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| Pediculosis | show 🗑
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| List two contraindications to live virus immunization. | show 🗑
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| show | Photophobia, confluent rash that begins on the face and spreads downward, and Koplik spots on the buccal mucosa
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| show | Anemia; pale conjunctiva; pale skin color; atrophy of papillae on tongue; brittle, ridged, or spoon-shaped nails; and thyroid edema
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| Identify food sources of vitamin A. | show 🗑
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| show | Scurvy
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| What measurements reflect present nutritional status? | show 🗑
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| List the signs and symptoms of dehydration in an infant. | show 🗑
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| List the laboratory findings that can be expected in a dehydrated child. | show 🗑
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| How should burns in children be assessed? | show 🗑
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| show | By monitoring urine output
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| How should a parent be instructed to child-proof a house? | show 🗑
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| What interventions should the nurse perform first in caring for a child who has ingested a poison? | show 🗑
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| What early signs should the nurse assess for if lead poisoning is suspected? | show 🗑
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| show | 1 to 2 mL/kg/hr.
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| show | 30-60
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| show | 25-35
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| show | 20-30
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| Normal respirations in 3-5 year olds (preschooler) | show 🗑
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| show | 18-22
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| show | 16-20
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| show | Do not examine the throat of a child with epiglottitis (i.e., do not put a tongue blade or any object into the throat) because of the risk of obstructing the airway completely.
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| Describe the purpose of bronchodilators. | show 🗑
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| What are the physical assessment findings for a child with asthma? | show 🗑
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| show | Pancreatic enzyme replacement, fat-soluble vitamins, and a moderate- to low-carbohydrate, high-protein, moderate- to high-fat diet
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| Why is genetic counseling important for the family of a child with cystic fibrosis? | show 🗑
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| List seven signs of respiratory distress in a pediatric client. | show 🗑
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| Describe the care of a child in a mist tent. | show 🗑
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| show | Upright sitting, with chin out and tongue protruding (“tripod position”)
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| show | The child is at risk for dehydration and acid-base imbalance.
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| show | Hearing loss
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| What is the most common postoperative complication following a tonsillectomy? Describe the signs and symptoms of this complication. | show 🗑
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| Normal pulse in newborns | show 🗑
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| Normal pulse in 1-11 month old infants | show 🗑
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| show | 80-130
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| show | 80-120
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| Normal pulse in 6-10 year olds (school age) | show 🗑
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| show | 60-90
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| show | Acyanotic: Has abnormal circulation; however, all blood entering the systemic circulation is oxygenated. Cyanotic: Has abnormal circulation with unoxygenated blood entering the systemic circulation.
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| Two objectives in treating CHF | show 🗑
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| Digoxin Management | show 🗑
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| show | A right-to-left shunt bypasses the lungs and delivers unoxygenated blood to the systemic circulation, causing cyanosis. A left-to-right shunt moves oxygenated blood back through the pulmonary circulation.
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| show | VSD, overriding aorta, pulmonary stenosis, and right ventricular hypertrophy
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| show | Poor feeding, poor weight gain, respiratory distress and infections, edema, and cyanosis
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| show | Reduce the workload of the heart and increase cardiac output.
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| show | Give small, frequent feedings or gavage feedings. Plan frequent rest periods. Maintain a neutral thermal environment. Organize activities to disturb child only as indicated.
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| What position would best relieve the child experiencing a tet spell? | show 🗑
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| show | Diarrhea, fatigue, weakness, nausea, and vomiting; the nurse should check for bradycardia prior to administration.
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| List five risks in cardiac catheterization. | show 🗑
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| What cardiac complications are associated with rheumatic fever? | show 🗑
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| What medications are used to treat rheumatic fever? | show 🗑
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| Signs of ICP vs. shock | show 🗑
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| Most common presenting symptom of brain tumors | show 🗑
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| show | Feed infant or child with cerebral palsy using nursing interventions aimed at preventing aspiration. Position child upright, and support the lower jaw.
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| What are the physical features of a child with Down syndrome? | show 🗑
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| show | A common characteristic of spastic cerebral palsy in infants; legs are extended and crossed over each other, feet are plantar flexed
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| show | Prevention of infection of the sac and monitoring for hydrocephalus (measure head circumference, check fontanel, assess neurologic functioning)
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| List the signs and symptoms of increased ICP in older children. | show 🗑
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| show | Information about signs of infection and increased ICP; understanding that shunt should not be pumped and that child will need revisions with growth; guidance concerning growth and development
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| show | Maintain patent airway, protect from injury, and observe carefully.
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| What are the side effects of Dilantin? | show 🗑
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| Describe the signs and symptoms of a child with meningitis. | show 🗑
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| What antibiotics are usually prescribed for bacterial meningitis? | show 🗑
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| show | Flat or on either side
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| Describe the function of an osmotic diuretic. | show 🗑
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| show | Suctioning and positioning, turning
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| Describe the mechanism of inheritance of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. | show 🗑
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| What is the Gowers sign? | show 🗑
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| show | decreased urinary output
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| Compare the signs and symptoms of acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) with those of nephrosis. | show 🗑
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| What antecedent event occurs with acute glomerulonephritis (AGN)? | show 🗑
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| Compare the dietary interventions for acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) and nephrosis. | show 🗑
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| What is the physiologic reason for the lab finding of hypoproteinemia in nephrosis? | show 🗑
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| Describe safe monitoring of prednisone administration and withdrawal. | show 🗑
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| show | Avoid bubble baths; void frequently; drink adequate fluids, especially acidic fluids such as apple or cranberry juice; and clean genital area from front to back.
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| Describe the pathophysiology of vesicoureteral reflux. | show 🗑
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| show | Protect the child from injury to the encapsulated tumor. Prepare the family and child for surgery.
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| show | Preschoolers fear castration, achieving sexual identity, and acquiring independent toileting skills.
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| show | Use lamb’s nipple or prosthesis. Feed child upright, with frequent bubbling.
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| List the signs and symptoms of esophageal atresia with TEF. | show 🗑
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| What nursing actions are initiated for the newborn with suspected esophageal atresia with TEF? | show 🗑
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| Describe the postoperative nursing care for an infant with pyloric stenosis. | show 🗑
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| show | A barium enema reduces the telescoping of the intestine through hydrostatic pressure without surgical intervention.
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| show | Check vital signs and take axillary temperatures. Provide bowel cleansing program, and teach about colostomy. Observe for bowel perforation; measure abdominal girth.
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| What care is needed for a child with a temporary colostomy? | show 🗑
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| What are the signs of anorectal malformation? | show 🗑
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| show | Maintain fluid balance (I&O, nasogastric suction, monitor electrolytes); monitor vitals; care for any drains; assess bowel function; prevent infection of incision and other complications; and support child and family with appropriate teaching.
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| Normal Hgb in Children | show 🗑
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| show | Give oral iron on an empty stomach and with vitamin C. Use straws to avoid discoloring teeth. Tarry stools are normal. Increase dietary sources of iron.
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| List dietary sources of iron. | show 🗑
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| show | It is an X-linked recessive chromosomal disorder transmitted by the mother and expressed in male children.
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| show | clumping of red blood cells blocks small blood vessels; therefore, the cells cannot get through the capillaries, causing pain and tissue and organ ischemia. Lowered oxygen tension affects HgbS, which causes sickling of the cells.
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| show | Hydration promotes hemodilution and circulation of the red cells through the blood vessels.
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| What should families and clients do to avoid triggering sickling episodes? | show 🗑
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| show | Anemia (decreased erythrocytes); infection (neutropenia); bleeding thrombocytopenia (decreased platelets)
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| How is congenital hypothyroidism diagnosed? | show 🗑
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| show | arge, protruding tongue; coarse hair; lethargy; sleepiness; and constipation
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| show | Mental retardation and growth failure
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| show | CNS damage, mental retardation, and decreased melanin
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| What two formulas are prescribed for infants with PKU? | show 🗑
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| List foods high in phenylalanine content. | show 🗑
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| What are the three classic signs of diabetes? | show 🗑
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| show | Hypoglycemia: tremors, sweating, headache, hunger, nausea, lethargy, confusion, slurred speech, anxiety, tingling around mouth, nightmares. Hyperglycemia: polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, blurred vision, weakness, weight loss, and syncope
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| show | Provide care for an unconscious child, administer regular insulin IV in normal saline, monitor blood gas values, and maintain strict I&O.
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| Describe developmental factors that would impact the school-age child with diabetes. | show 🗑
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| What is the relationship between hypoglycemia and exercise? | show 🗑
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| show | Warm extremity, brisk capillary refill, free movement, normal sensation of the affected extremity, and equal pulses
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| show | Damage to nerves and vasculature of an extremity due to compression
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| show | Abnormal neurovascular assessment: cold extremity, severe pain, inability to move the extremity, and poor capillary refill
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| show | Fractures of the epiphyseal plate (growth plate) may affect the growth of the limb.
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| show | Skeletal traction is maintained by pins or wires applied to the distal fragment of the fracture.
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| show | Check child’s circulation. Keep cast dry. Do not place anything under cast. Prevent cast soilage during toileting or diapering. Do not turn child using an abductor bar.
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| show | Unequal skin folds of the buttocks, Ortolani sign, limited abduction of the affected hip, and unequal leg lengths
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| show | Ask the child to bend forward from the hips, with arms hanging free. Examine the child for a curve in the spine, a rib hump, and hip asymmetry.
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| show | The child should be instructed to wear the brace 23 hours per day; wear a T-shirt under brace; check skin for irritation; perform back and abdominal exercises; and modify clothing. The child should be encouraged to maintain normal activities as able.
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| What care is indicated for a child with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis? | show 🗑
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