MicroBiology
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Microbiology | study of microorganisms | study of microorganisms
🗑
|
||||||
| Microorganisms (microbes) | organisms that are too small to be seen with naked eye | organisms that are too small to be seen with naked eye
🗑
|
||||||
| Many microbes are helpful | -basis for food chains in aquatic environments -breakdown waste in soil -play roles in photosynthesis -aid in synthesis of vitamins in humans -Few are pathogenic (disease-causing) | -produce: ethanol, acetone, vinegar, cheese, bread, cellulose & insulin
🗑
|
||||||
| Disease | condition of the body or of one of its parts that impairs normal functioning | is a particular abnormal, pathological condition that affects part or all of an organism. It is often construed as a medical condition associated with specific symptoms and signs
🗑
|
||||||
| Microbes are divided into 6 subgroups | bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, viruses & algae | bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, viruses & algae
🗑
|
||||||
| Prokaryotes | lack a nucleus/ internal membrane bound structures | bacteria & archaea are prokaryotes
🗑
|
||||||
| Eukaryotes | have nucleus/ organelles are membrane bound | fungi, protozoa & algae are Eukaryotes
🗑
|
||||||
| Viruses are | acellular (no cell) -extremely smaller than bacteria | they are only nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) wrapped in protein
🗑
|
||||||
| Bacteria | Have several shapes like rods, spherical, helical, stars, commas or square | -can move
-can live in temperatures of 20°C & some can live in temperatures of 110°C
-can survive in extreme acid or alkalinity
🗑
|
||||||
| Archaea | Prokaryote that resemble bacteria superficially | they can live in extreme environments
🗑
|
||||||
| Methanogens | make methane as waste product | a methane forming archaea
🗑
|
||||||
| Extreme halophiles | live in extremely salty environments (Great Salt Lake & Dead Sea) |
🗑
|
||||||
| Extreme thermophiles | live in hot sulfurous waters (Yellowstone National Park) Not known to cause disease in humans |
🗑
|
||||||
| Algae | are Eukaryotes -unicellular & microscopic or many cells macroscopic - | Live in in fresh & salt water environments
🗑
|
||||||
| Fungi | -Eukaryote | Ex: Molds & mushrooms are multicellular (more than one cell)
-Yeasts are unicellular (one cell)
🗑
|
||||||
| Protozoa | -Unicellular eukaryotes - superficially animal like, non photosynthetic & usually motile | -May be motile via pseudopods (false feet), cilia or flagella
-Causes diseases like malaria & African sleeping sickness
🗑
|
||||||
| Viruses | -are not cells but particles of nucleic acid, Consist of DNA or RNA surrounded by protein coat -Some are enclosed in lipid (fat) envelope | ex: Mad cow disease & scrapie
🗑
|
||||||
| Prions | causes rare neurological diseases ex mad cow disease scrapie in sheep | -
chemically & structurally simple like viruses
-are infectious proteins
-smaller agents that viruses
🗑
|
||||||
| Helminths | parasitic worms; two types Flatworms; ex. tapeworms Roundworms; ex. hookworms | parasitic worms; two types
Flatworms; ex. tapeworms
🗑
|
||||||
| parasitic worms; two types | Flatworms; ex. tapeworms Roundworms; ex. hookworms | Flatworms; ex. tapeworms
Roundworms; ex. hookworms
🗑
|
||||||
| Robert Hooke | reported that living things were composed of little boxes (cells) after viewing thin slices of cork through crude microscope | reported that living things were composed of little boxes (cells) after viewing thin slices of cork through crude microscope
🗑
|
||||||
| Rudolf Virchow | said cells arise from preexisting cells Cell theory |
🗑
|
||||||
| Cell theory | all living things are composed of cells & come from preexisting cells |
🗑
|
||||||
| Anton van Leeuwenhoek | described live microorganisms & made detailed drawings of “animalcules” from rainwater, feces & material from teeth scrapings | discovered microorganisms
🗑
|
||||||
| Spontaneous generation | hypothesis that living organisms arise from nonliving matter; “vital force” forms life | Pasteur disproved this theory with germ theory of disease
🗑
|
||||||
| Biogenesis | hypothesis that living organisms arise from preexisting life |
🗑
|
||||||
| Louis Pasteur major contribution to science | -principles of vaccination -first vaccines for rabies and anthrax -pasteurization -Unethical clinical trials and some practices | -germ theory of disease
🗑
|
||||||
| Diffraction | Light rays bends when they pass near an opaque object or rays passing through a small opening |
🗑
|
||||||
| Resolution | The capacity to perceive 2 adjacent parts of an image as distinct |
🗑
|
||||||
| Diffraction | phenomena occur when a wave encounters an obstacle or a slit. |
🗑
|
||||||
| Mordant | Compounds or treatments that intensify staining reactions |
🗑
|
||||||
| Refraction | Bending that occurs when a ray of light enters an object with a different density at an angle |
🗑
|
||||||
| Magnification | enlargement of image |
🗑
|
||||||
| culture (o) | The growing of microorganisms, tissue cells, or other living matter in a specially prepared nutrient medium. |
🗑
|
||||||
| colony (b) | A clone of cells large enough to be visible on a solid medium |
🗑
|
||||||
| Colony | discrete group of organisms, as a collection of bacteria in a culture |
🗑
|
||||||
| Pure Culture | A culture that contains only one kind of organism; |
🗑
|
||||||
| Pure Culture | one consisting of a single type of microbe derived from a single cell |
🗑
|
||||||
| inoculum | is a substance introduced into the body to create or increase the body's resistance or immunity to a disease. | is a substance introduced into the body to create or increase the body's resistance or immunity to a disease.
🗑
|
||||||
| serial dilutions |
🗑
|
|||||||
| obligate aerobes | Organisms that grow in the presence of O2 |
🗑
|
||||||
| microaerophile | microorganisms that need lower concentrations of O2 than present in the air |
🗑
|
||||||
| facultative anaerobe | Organisms that uses O2 to grow when it is available but can grow with out it |
🗑
|
||||||
| areotolerant anaerobe |
🗑
|
|||||||
| obligate anaerobe | Organisms that grow in the absence of O2 |
🗑
|
||||||
| types of lens that are used in a microscope |
🗑
|
|||||||
| differential stain is used for | involve 3 steps: primary staining, destaining, and counter staining |
🗑
|
||||||
| special stain |
🗑
|
|||||||
| Gram stain is used for | a type of differential stain, distinguishing between gram + and -bacteriareflecting differences in their outer surfaces. |
🗑
|
||||||
| acid-fast stain is used for | is a difertial stain that colors mycobacteria and actinomycetes. |
🗑
|
||||||
| Gram stain steps |
🗑
|
|||||||
| acid fast stain steps |
🗑
|
|||||||
| Gram stain results | results red for mycobacteria | all other blue
🗑
|
||||||
| agar are used for |
🗑
|
|||||||
| petri dishes are used for |
🗑
|
|||||||
| Defined media | media composed of pure ingredients in carefully measured concentrations dissolved. The exact chemical composition of the medium is known. | Typically, they contain a simple sugar as the carbon and energy source, an inorganic nitrogen source, various mineral salts and if necessary growth factors (purified amino acids, vitamins, purines and pyrimidines
🗑
|
||||||
| Complex media | is one in which the exact contents are not known, can be liquid or solid | is one in which the exact contents are not known, can be liquid or solid
🗑
|
||||||
| Differential media | culture media that enable microbiologist to readily differentiate one organism or group from another | culture media that enable microbiologist to readily differentiate one organism or group from another
🗑
|
||||||
| Selective media | a culture medium that allows a certain organism or group of organisms to grow while inhibiting growth of all other organisms | a culture medium that allows a certain organism or group of organisms to grow while inhibiting growth of all other organisms
🗑
|
||||||
| Contrast | difference in light intensity |
🗑
|
||||||
| Archaea | Divided into 3 main groups: Methanogens,halophiles, Extreme thermophiles |
🗑
|
||||||
| Algae | -Use photosynthesis for energy -Produce oxygen & their own food -Eaten by other organisms | Important to global ecology but little importance to medicine
🗑
|
||||||
| Protozoa | ex: amoebae, flagellates, ciliates |
🗑
|
||||||
| Fungi | -Many are scavengers & breakdown dead organisms Few are pathogenic to humans | pathogenic to plants ex: corn smut, wheat rust, potato blight
🗑
|
||||||
| parasitology | study of Protozoan |
🗑
|
||||||
| Viruses are | intracellular parasites | can infect animals, plants & microorganisms
🗑
|
||||||
| Viruses | Viruses are replicated only when they are in living host cell | -Very small, can only be seen with an electron microscope Consist of DNA or RNA surrounded by protein coat
🗑
|
||||||
| Robert Koch | studied and help isolate typhus, dysentery, syphilis, gonorrhea pneumonia, tb | -proved specific microorganisms cause specific disease
-used agar to obtain a pure culture
🗑
|
||||||
| Edward Jenner | made vaccine for small pox | made vaccine for small pox
🗑
|
||||||
| germ theory of disease | developed by Robert Koch | microorganisms cause infectious diseases and specific microorganisms cause specific diseases
🗑
|
||||||
| Simple Stains | uses only one dye | uses only one dye
🗑
|
||||||
| Dilute | make (a liquid) thinner or weaker by adding water or another solvent to it. | make (a liquid) thinner or weaker by adding water or another solvent to it.
🗑
|
||||||
| Serial Dilutions | multiple step dilutions | multiple step dilutions
🗑
|
||||||
| Inoculate | The process of introducing an antigenic substance or vaccine into the body to trigger immune response against a specific disease. | The process of introducing an antigenic substance or vaccine into the body to trigger immune response against a specific disease.
🗑
|
||||||
| incubate | have an infectious disease developing inside one before symptoms appear. | have an infectious disease developing inside one before symptoms appear.
🗑
|
||||||
| Enrichment culture | culture media that enable microbiologist to isolate fastidious organisms from samples or specimens and grow them in the lab | culture media that enable microbiologist to isolate fastidious organisms from samples or specimens and grow them in the lab
🗑
|
||||||
| Selective- Differential media | Selective & Differential combined and used to detect salmonella and shigella | Selective & Differential combined and used to detect salmonella and shigella
🗑
|
||||||
| Aerotolerant anaerobe | Aerotololerant anaerobe An organism that live in the presents in O2 but grows best without it | Aerotololerant anaerobe An organism that live in the presents in O2 but grows best without it
🗑
|
||||||
| Strict aerobes | are organisms that require O2 | are organisms that require O2
🗑
|
||||||
| Facultative anaerobes | use O2 when available but can do without it | use O2 when available but can do without it
🗑
|
||||||
| Microaerophiles | need low concentrations of O2 | need low concentrations of O2
🗑
|
||||||
| what are cellular appendages | structures attached to the envelope and extending beyond the cell | structures attached to the envelope and extending beyond the cell
🗑
|
||||||
| Three commonshapes for bacteria is | spirili- spiral shaped, cocci- round shaped and bascilli- rod shaped | spirili- spiral shaped, cocci- round shaped and bascilli- rod shaped
🗑
|
||||||
| Active Transport | Movement of molecules against concentration requires energy, ATP | movement of a substance against the gradient using energy
🗑
|
||||||
| Pathogens | Disease causing Microorganisms | Disease causing Microorganisms
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
1815104090
Popular Biology sets