Diseases & Disorders
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| inhibits Na & Cl reabsorption in ascending loop of henle. potent. signifacant electrolyte depletion | loop diuretics
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| strictures, cysts , calculi , BPH can cause , feels need to void or voids in sm amounts | urinary obstruction
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| calculi , usually d/t immobility , hyperparathyroidism , sharp severe , intractable pain, force fluids & strin urine. tx includes lithotripsy | urolithiasis
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| bladder's mucosal lining is inflamed & bleeding. dietary modifications can help. mainly seen in middle aged white women | interstital cystitis
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| bladder is removed & part of the ileum is used to create a urine reservoir that ureters are attached to. end of ileum brought through abd wall | ileal conduit
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| increases plasma(blood) osmotic pressure to draw fluids toward circulation | osmotic diuretics
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| inflammation of glomeruli, usually from strep infection | glomerulonphritis
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| enlargement of the prostate gland . if problematic/advanced , will ave TURP surgery to Tx | BPH
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| inflammation of the kidney , usually from E.Coli. Repeated episodes -> atrohy -> nephron destruction | pyelonephritis
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| dialysis or transplant needed to save a life. kidneys are unable to function | ESRD
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| dilation of renal pelvis & calyces. obstruction in urinary tract causes urine black flow into kidneys.causeing it to dilate w/increased pressure,nephrons damaged | hydronephrosis
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| impairs Na & H2O reabsorption at distal convoluted tubule. causes electrolyte depletion | thazide diuretics
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| genetic , cysts replace much of the kidney. no tx. relieve pain , diuretics, control HTN | polycystic kidney disease
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| retention of excessive amounts of nitrogenous compounds in blood | azotemia
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| inflammation of the bladder. primarily seen in women | cystitis
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| painless hematuria. Dx w/cystoscopy & biopsy | bladder tumor
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| inhibits Na reabsorption & K+ secretion in distal convoluted tubule. can cause hyperkalemia | K+ sparing diuretics
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| malignant tumor. no s/s until advanced stage: which is urinary obstruction | prostate cancer
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| can be stress , urge , overflow , reflex , functional or total | urinary incontinence
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| s/s of UTI's | frequency/urgency dysuria, hematurina, abnormal WBC, cloudy urine, strong odor , pyuria fever & flank pain
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| Tx: UTI's | ABX , increased fluids (cranberry), analgesic, acid/ ash foods
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| complications of UTI's | bladder spasm,cystitis,hematuria kidney infection, risk for long term kidney damage, septis & flank pain
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| #1 cause of a UTI's in hospital | Foleys
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| s/s of renal calculi | flank pain , hematuria , n/v , pain comes in waves, sweating & pain upon urination
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| evaluation of renal calculi | UA, strain urine for stone to be tested, KUB-IVP, x-ray, ultra sounds, CT , BUN/ creatinine & cytoscopy
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| nursing for renal calculi | pain meds, encourage fluid 300ml/day, surgery if greater then 5ml , per-cutaneous lithoscopy, diet mod , ambulate , monitor I&O's , infection prevention , stent placement & ureteroscopy
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| types of UA's | routine random, C&S , BUN , creatinine , GFR, uric acid study (gout) 24 hr collection
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| what should not be in urine | keytones, bilirubin ,RBC , WBC , bacteria , glucose & protein
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| diabetes,shock & head injury | Glucose in the urine
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| hemorrage,infection, cancer, calculi, trauma bleeding disorder | RBC or WBC in the urine
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| liver dysfunction,kidney stones,nephritis, diabetes, infection trauma , renal circulatory difficulties | protein in urine
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| liver dysfunction , hepatitis | bilirubin in urine
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| gout, calculi infection | uric acid in urine
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| specific gravity | 1.010-1.025
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| normal PH of urine | 4.6-8
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| kidney & liver disease, electrolyte imbalance | abnormal PH
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