NCLEX- Pharm
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| Benzodiazepines | "-am" ; CNS depressants ; Uses: anxiety, alcohol withdrawal; SE: drowsiness, sedation, confusion, hepatic dysfunction; Considerations: dont combine with alcohol, can be addictive
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| Antacids | Drugs: Aluminum OH, Calcium Carbonate, Magnesium OH, maalox; Uses: neutralize stomach acid; SE: constipation, N/V/D; considerations: take after meals, interferes with absorption of tetracycline, abx, iron preps, INH, OCs
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| Aminoglycosides | "-mycin"; SE: OTOTOXICITY, nephrotoxicity; considerations: check CN VIII and renal function
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| Cephalosporins | "cef" or "ceph" ; SE: BONE MARROW DEPRESSION, GI upset, superinfection; considerations: take with food, x allergy to PCNs
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| Fluoroquinolones | "-floxacin" ; SE: seizures, GI upset, rash; considerations: take 1 hr ac or 2 hr pc, take 2 hr after antacids
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| Glycopeptides | Vancomycin; SE: liver damage, nephrotoxicity, red mans syndrome, ototoxic; considerations: can extravasate,
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| Macrolides | erythromycin and azithromycin; SE: cramps, N/D, hepatotoxic; considerations: 1 h ac or 2-3 h pc, excretion through bile so can be used with renal compromise
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| Penicillins | "-cillin"; SE: stomatitis, N/V/D, skin rash, allergic rxn; considerations: 1-2 h ac or 2-3 h pc to reduce gastric destruction of drug
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| Sulfonamides | "sulf-"; SE: crystalluria, proteinuria, GI disturbance; Considerations: maintain alkaline urine, maintain fluid intake
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| Tetracyclines | "-cycline"; SE: discoloration of teeth in fetus, phototoxicity, diarrhea, glossitis; Considerations: 1 hr ac or 2-3 h pc, protect from sunlight, lessens effectiveness of OCs
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| What class is Propantheline bromide? | Anticholinergic
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| What class is Atropine? | anticholinergic
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| What class is Iprotroprium, tiotropium? | anticholinergic
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| What class is Benztropine? | anticholinergic
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| What class is Trihexylphenydil? | anticholinergic
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| Actions of Anticholinergic Drugs | relaxation of ciliary muscles, dilation of pupil, bronchodilation, decreases secretions, decreased mobility and GI secretions
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| Anticholinergic Side Effects | Blurred vision, dry mouth, urinary retention, changes in heart rate
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| Heparin/Enoxaparin | uses: prophylaxis for VTE; SE: bleeding, heparin induced thrombocytopenia; considerations: PTT therapeutic level is 1.5-2.5x normal, give deep SubQ
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| Warfarin | uses: PE, DVT, MI, atrial dysrhythmia, post valve replacement; SE: bleeding, diarrhea, rash, fever
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| Phenytoin - use | anticonvulsant
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| Phenytoin- SEs | drowsiness, ataxia, nystagmus, blurred vision, hirsutism, lethargy, GI upset, gingival hypertrophy
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| Phenytoin- considerations | take with meals or water to avoid GI upset, red-brown/pink discoloration of sweat and urine may occur, never mix with other drugs
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| Phenelzine Sulfate, Isocarboxazid, Tranylcypromine | MAOI; antidepressants; SE: hypertensive crisis with tyramine, photosnesitivitym weight gain, orthostatic hypotension; Considerations: no tyramine
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| Foods with tyramine | aged cheese, bologna, pepperoni, salami, figs, bananas, raisins, beer, chianti red wine
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| What class is Fluoxetine? | SSRI
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| What class is Citalopram? | SSRI
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| What class is escitalopram? | SSRI
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| What class is fluvoxamine? | SSRI
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| What class is paroxetine? | SSRI
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| What class is sertraline? | SSRI
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| SSRI - uses | depression, OCD, obesity, bulimia
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| SSRI- SE | sexual dysfunction, HA, dizziness, nervousness, increase risk of suicide, tremor, dry mouth, GI upset, weight gain
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| SSRI- considerations | take in AM, takes 4 weeks for full effect, dont use with MAOIs
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| What class is amitriptyline, imipramine? | Tricyclic antidepressants
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| Tricyclic Antidepressants - uses | depression, obstructive sleep apnea
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| tricyclic antidepressants- SE | sedation, ANTICHOLINERGIC, confusion, photosensitivity, disturbed cocnentratio, orthostatic hypotension, bone marrow depression
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| Tricyclic antidepressants- considerations | takes 1-3 weeks, given at night to promote sleep, orthostatic hypotension precautions, avoid alcohol, sleep inducing drugs, and OTC drugs
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| Rapid Acting Insulins | Lispro and Aspart
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| Rapid Acting insulins- onset | within 15 minutes
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| Rapid Acting Insulins- peak | 30 min- 3 hr
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| Rapid Acting Insulins- duration | 3-6 hr
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| Rapid Acting Insulin - time of adverse Rxn | midmorning
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| Short Acting Insulin | Regular Insulin
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| Short Acting Insulin- onset | 30-60 min
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| short acting insulin- peak | 1-5 hr
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| Short Acting Insulin- duration | 6-10 hr
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| Short Acting Insulin- time of adverse rxn | midmornign- midafternoon
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| Intermediate Acting Insulin | Isophane (INH)
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| Intermediate Acting Insulin- onset | 1-2 hr
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| Intermediate Acting Insulin- peak | 6-14 hr
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| Intermediate Acting Insulin- duration | 16 hr
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| Intermediate Acting Insulin- time of adverse rxn | early evening
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| very long acting insulin | Glargine
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| very long acting insulin- onset | 3-4 hr
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| very long acting insulin- peak | continuous- none
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| very long acting insulin- duration | 24 hr
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| Glipizide | oral hypoglycemic, only used if some pancreas beta cell function, stimulates release of insulin from pancreas
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| Metformin | oral hypoglycemic, decreases glucose production by liver
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| What class is prochloperazine dimaleate? | antiemetic
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| ACE Inhibitors | "-pril"; uses: HTN, CHF; SE: persistent nonproductive cough, orthostatic hypotension; considerations: 1 hr ac or 2 hr pc
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| Beta Blockers | "-lol"; uses: HTN, angina, SVT, heart failure; SE: bradycardia, gastric pain, dysrhythmias, dizziness, bronchospasm; considerations: dont d/c promptly, take with meals
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| Calcium Channel Blockers | nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem; uses: angina, HTN, dysrhythmia, migraine; SE: dizziness, HA, nervousness, angina, bradycardia, AV block; Considerations: no grapefruit juice, contraindicated in heart block
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| ACE Receptor Blockers (ARBs) | "-sartan"; uses: HTN, heart failure, DM nephropathy, MI, stroke prevention; SE: angioedema, renal failure, orthostatic hypotension
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| Lithium- SE | dizziness, HA, impaired vision, fine hand tremors, reversible leukocytosis
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| Lithium- s/s toxicity | nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, ataxia, confusion, seizures
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| Lithium Therapeutic Level | 1-1.5 mEq/L
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| Lithium - considerations (diet) | fluid intake 2500-3000 ml/day and adequate salt intake
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