Chapter 14 - Carbohydrates
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| carbohydrates | aldehydes or ketones with many hydroxyl groups
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| monosaccharides | glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose
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| glyceraldehyde | CHO-COH-CH2OH
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| if lowest -OH is on the right | D molecule
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| if lowest -OH is on the left | L molecule
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| fructose | has ketone
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| glucose | alternates but mostly OH on rght
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| galactose | 2 in the middle are the same
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| mannose | first two are the same
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| alpha | C1 is in axial position which is less favored bcuz sterically hindered
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| beta | C1 is equitorial position (up); lower E so favored
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| glycosidic rxns | hemiacetal (monosaccharide in chair formation) + alcohol = acetal (alpha and beta)
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| Disaccharides | two monosaccharides; maltose, sucrose, lactose
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| maltose | glucose and glucose
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| sucrose | fructose and glucose
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| lactose | glucose and galactose
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| Polysaccharides | long chains of mono; starch, glycogen, cellulose
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| cellulose | 1,4 beta linkage; cant be digested by animals
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| starch and glycogen | E in plants and animals respectively; 1,4 and 1,6 alpha linkages
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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