Chapter 7 - Alcohols and Ethers
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| Alcohols | have general formula R-OH; high bp cuz of H bonding
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| Chem is FON (fun) | F, O, and N do Hydrogen bonding
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| Acids | have high Ka's but small pKa's
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| How to increase acidity | resonance, electron withdrawing groups
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| How to decrease acidity | electron donating groups
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| Reduction | from carboxylic acid to aldehyde to primary alcohol
or
from ketone to secondary alcohol
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| Oxidation | 1. from primary alcohol to aldehyde to carboxylic acid (more bonds to O means more oxidized)
2. secondary alcohol to ketone
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| OH | is a terrible leaving group and must be protonated to form water to go through SN1 rxn
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| alcohols | can be converted to tosylate group which makes it go thru SN2 rxn
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| Oxidation of OH's | usually includes a form of chromium (chromium with lots of O2 means oxidation)
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| Sodium/Potassium dichromate salt | oxidizes primary OH to COOH
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| Jones Reagent | CrO3, sulfuric acid, acetone--primary OH to COOH or secondary OH to ketone
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| Ether | compound with two alkyl groups bonded to an O2 atom; ROR
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| Ether properties | low bp cause no H bonding; slightly polar, slightly water soluble
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| Williamson ether synthesis | synthesis of ethers by alkoxides displacing halides via SN2
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| MCPBA | leads to oxirane (epoxide)
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| Peroxides | highly explosive compounds ROOR
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| Key Ether Rxn | 1. epoxide formation
2. SN1, most substituted and SN2, least sub; Williamson ether synthesis
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