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Chapter 7 - Alcohols and Ethers
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Alcohols | have general formula R-OH; high bp cuz of H bonding |
| Chem is FON (fun) | F, O, and N do Hydrogen bonding |
| Acids | have high Ka's but small pKa's |
| How to increase acidity | resonance, electron withdrawing groups |
| How to decrease acidity | electron donating groups |
| Reduction | from carboxylic acid to aldehyde to primary alcohol or from ketone to secondary alcohol |
| Oxidation | 1. from primary alcohol to aldehyde to carboxylic acid (more bonds to O means more oxidized) 2. secondary alcohol to ketone |
| OH | is a terrible leaving group and must be protonated to form water to go through SN1 rxn |
| alcohols | can be converted to tosylate group which makes it go thru SN2 rxn |
| Oxidation of OH's | usually includes a form of chromium (chromium with lots of O2 means oxidation) |
| Sodium/Potassium dichromate salt | oxidizes primary OH to COOH |
| Jones Reagent | CrO3, sulfuric acid, acetone--primary OH to COOH or secondary OH to ketone |
| Ether | compound with two alkyl groups bonded to an O2 atom; ROR |
| Ether properties | low bp cause no H bonding; slightly polar, slightly water soluble |
| Williamson ether synthesis | synthesis of ethers by alkoxides displacing halides via SN2 |
| MCPBA | leads to oxirane (epoxide) |
| Peroxides | highly explosive compounds ROOR |
| Key Ether Rxn | 1. epoxide formation 2. SN1, most substituted and SN2, least sub; Williamson ether synthesis |
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