Plate Tectonics and Volcanoes
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| Hot Spot | An area where magma burns through the crust like a blow torch.
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| Geyser | A jet of very hot water that shoots out of the ground.
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| Extinct Volcano | A volcano that will never erupt again.
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| Dormant Volcano | A "sleeping volcano." This hasn't erupted recently, but still has a possibility of erupting in the future.
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| Active Volcano | A volcano that is erupting. It has erupted recently and will in the future.
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| Caldera | A huge crater that is produced when a volcano's magma chamber empties.
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| Ring of Fire | A chain of volcanoes around the Pacific Plate.
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| Explosive Eruption | The type of eruption that produces pyroclastic flows.
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| Quiet Eruptions | The type of eruption that produces the two types of lava.
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| Silica | A combination of oxygen and silicon.
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| Hot Spring | A pool of water that has been heated up by magma.
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| Volcanic Neck | What forms when magma in a volcano's pipe cools off.
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| Batholith | What is formed when a volcano's magma chamber cools off.
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| Transform Boundary | Where two plates slide past each other.
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| Convergent Boundary | Where two plates squeeze into each other
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| Divergent Boundary | Where two plate go into different directions.
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| Shearing | Pushing rock past each other (transform).
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| Tension | Pushes rock apart (divergent).
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| Compression | Squeezes rock together (convergent).
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| Normal Faults | One plat above the fault and one below (tension, divergent).
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| Strike-Slip Faults | Plates sliding past each other (Shearing, Transform)
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| Reverse Boundary | One plate moving up instead of down (convergent, compression).
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| Anticlines | A ridge-shaped rock that slopes downward from the crest.
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| Synclines | A fold in rock that has an upward slope.
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| Plateau | An flat land area that is elevated.
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| Tidal Waves | Huge waves caused by the tide (the moons gravitational pull).
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| Tsunamis | Long, huge sea waves that are caused by earthquakes.
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| Richter Scale | A scale that is good for small, nearby earthquakes.
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| Mercalli Scale | A scale has has non-accurate measurements.
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| The Moment Magnitude Scale | Accurate for all earthquakes.
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| P Waves | First waves to hit, compress and expand ground.
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| S Waves | Second Waves to hit, this moves the ground up and down and left to right.
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| Surface Waves | Last, cause the most damage, move the ground like waves.
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| Stress | The force that changes rock's shape and volume.
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| Deformation | The change of shape or volume on a rock.
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| Focus | Where an earthquake starts.
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| Epicenter | The land directly above the focus.
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| Describe Pyroclastic Flow lava flows. | most dangerous, composed of gas, ash, cinder, and more.
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| Decribe Pahoehoe | A hotter, fast moving type of lava flow, less silica.
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| Describe Aa | A cooler, slower moving type of lava flow, more silica.
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| Cinder Cone Volcanoes | smallest, steep slope, large crater, made of ash and cinder. Cause by explosive eruptions.
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| Composite Volcanoes | Looks like a mountain, alternating layer of ash and lava. Caused by both eruptions.
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| Shield Volcanoes | Biggest, lying down, caused by quiet eruptions.
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| Earthquake Precautions | Get outside, get under a table or desk, drop, cover, hold, stay away from windows.
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